HIV病毒.ppt

该【HIV病毒 】是由【小可爱】上传分享，文档一共【57】页，该文档可以免费在线阅读，需要了解更多关于【HIV病毒 】的内容，可以使用淘豆网的站内搜索功能，选择自己适合的文档，以下文字是截取该文章内的部分文字，如需要获得完整电子版，请下载此文档到您的设备，方便您编辑和打印。HIV病毒Epidemiology1980-1981:NewYorkandCalifornia;CDC1983-1984:MontagnierandcolleaguesatthePasteurInstitute;GalloandcoworkersattheNIHSincetheinitialdetectionoftheepidemicintheUnitedStatesandEurope,ithasgrowntoinvolveanestimated60millionpersonsworldwide,with5millionnewinfectionsperyear,-infectedpeoplein2019(prevalencerate:%).opreventtheincreasinginfectionrate,-speciesinfectionofhumansbyachimpanzeelentivirus,simianimmunodeficiencyvirus(SIVcpz),urredinwestcentralAfricaSIVcpzisanasymptomaticinfectioninchimpanzeesDateofintroductionoftheMgroupintothehumanpopulationisestimatedtobearound1931,basedonanalysisoflargenumbersofsequencedHIVisolates,assumingaconstantrateofevolutionessfullytimingtheearliesthistoricisolate,whichwassequencedfromastoredplasmasampleobtainedin1959fromapersonwhodiedinManchester,EnglandHIV-1GenotypesM(main);O(outlier);andN(non-M,non-O)TheMgroupofHIV-1,whichincludesmorethan95%oftheglobalvirusisolates,consistsofatleastninediscretecladesorsubgroups(A,B,C,D,F,G,H,J,andK)binantforms(CRF)HIV-1groupOisolateshavebeenrecoveredfromindividualslivinginCameroon,Gabon,andEquatorialGuinea;theirgenomesshareapproximately65%identitywithgroupMvirusesEarlyintheepidemic,groupOstrainsmayhavebeenresponsibleformorethan20%ofHIV-1infectionsinCameroonbutcurrentlyareassociatedwithapproximatelyonly1%HIV-1GenotypesCladeAviruses,monHIV-1subtypeinAfricaearlyintheepidemic,ountformorethanaquarteroftheinfectionsglobally,andarepresentpredominantlyineasternandcentralAfricancountriesCladeBviruses,themostintensivelystudiedHIV-1subtype,remainthemostprevalentisolatesinEuropeandNorthAmericaountfornearlyhalfofHIV-1infectionsworldwideCRF01,acladeA/binantoriginallyisolatedinThailandHIV-1GenotypesTypeBfoundinwesterncountries,maybetransmittedmoreeffectivelybyhomosexualintercourseandviablood(asinintra-venousdruguse)whereastypesCandEmaybetransmittedmoreviaaheterosexualrouteTypesCandEreplicatebetterinLangerhans'cellsfoundinthemucosaofthecervix,,thatisinfectedpersonsprogresstoovertdiseasemorerapidlySubtypesDandCseemtobetransmittedmoreeffectivelyfrommothertochildthansubtypeAOpportunisticTumoursThemostfrequentopportunistictumour,Kaposi'a,isobservedin20%(HHV-8)MalignantlymphomasarealsofrequentlyseeninAIDSpatientsOpportunisticInfectionsProtozoal pneumocystiscarinii(nowthoughttobeafungi), toxoplasmosis,crytosporidosisFungal candidiasis,osis histoplasmosis,idiodomycosisBacterial plex,MTB atypicalmycobacterialdisease salmonellasepticaemia multipleorrecurrentpyogenicbacterialinfectionViral CMV,HBV/HCV,HGV