WTO农业谈判有关和平条款议题之分析.pdf

该【WTO农业谈判有关和平条款议题之分析 】是由【小屁孩】上传分享，文档一共【28】页，该文档可以免费在线阅读，需要了解更多关于【WTO农业谈判有关和平条款议题之分析 】的内容，可以使用淘豆网的站内搜索功能，选择自己适合的文档，以下文字是截取该文章内的部分文字，如需要获得完整电子版，请下载此文档到您的设备，方便您编辑和打印。:..WTO???к???????????WTO???к??????????????*???e???e????易??????e???????

?e????參e??????????

?e????

?e????陸e???к??量???

?e????

?e?量

?e?????

?e???e????????????e??????e參????e??WTO????e?????????????????????d????????d??????к???????e???????????d????π??度???dШ??拉??Υ??????????????Υ??к????d???d??Σ????????ˇ?????˙Σ??f????????п??勵??d???????????勵?????????行???????d?????ε??????量d不???????率?????來к?良?d?????????f??????????d不Ш?????????d???????????????????不??*Ъ?????????易?????d????行??????????????d????Ъ???f247:..?易??論?
?1??易f??d????????????????νО?????行????????fШ???Υ??????????????????d?????е???????????????????d?у???????(PeaceClause)f不?d??????行???2003年12?31???у??d???????π???????????????dу??Υ????d?????臨????d?????易???不???????i????????????????????契?f???????щ??d????Υ????к?d???к?????d????????????f?????????????????????e?????????d???????к????略???f????d?????d?????說????????????????i?????????????????i??????理?????????i???????????理論??d????六????????????參?i???????理??????????????f?e????????????????????13?????????(duerestraint)???d???˙??????????????????ˇ??WTO??d?е??????˙????復???復??d?й??????д????f???????Υ??????????????????d?????е????d?????????????????f?????????????綠???e藍?????????d?若?????藍????????????????????????d??????????????f不?d???行??????利?d???????d???????????????????利????????d???????d?у??????248:..WTO???к??????????????f????行???年d?2003年12?31???f?????????ˇ?????行????????d不??????易??f?????????(a)e(b)e(c)??d?й??綠???e?????????????d????????j1.???????13??(a)????d??行????d???Υ???????????d???????)???綠у(2????d??不?????????i???е?GATT?16???????????????i??е??????????2?TTAG?????????????????利?????GATT?23??1??(b)??????f2.?????13??(b)???d???Υ?????6????????(???Υ???????e??????若???e?量???)d????????????????dщ????е???????d???????????d???????????(duerestraint)i若??????????1992年??年度(marketingyear)?數量d????е?GATT?16??1???????5???6??????行?i????е?GATT?23??1??(b)???????GATT?行????行??f3.?????13??(c)???d?Υ???????????d????????????????d????????d?????????????d?????????i?????Ν??е??????3?e?5???6????行?f參e???????????e??????????????????????度dШ?????????d????????????易??????d?????????????d?249:..?易??論?
?1????易???????eTTAG????f???????????Υ?кd?WTO?????d?????????j1.?GATT1947?6??3??????˙???j????不????????領??????領????d????П????????????????????e????????????п???(?????????????????)??度????f???????d?????????????e???????????????????????й???f???Ф??????e??????d?????????????勵???????TTAG???年1947?d???f???уdп???度?不??d????????理?????j(1)?16????????????????i(2)?6???????????????????????d?????????????i(3)?3??????????不????????????行??d?不????????Ν?????(羅??d1999)f???16????????d?WTO?立???????度???f2.???Υ????????????????????п(???О?????????п)d???????領??????d??????ˇ??d?????????f3.?拉??Υ?????????????(AgreementonSubsidiesandCountervailingMeasuresd?????????SCM??)d???說?????????О??????????п??????????f???列????????π?j(1)???????金d例ν??e??e????i??????????金???€???????f(2)?????????????????????)3(f??不????f(4)??????金??d???e?令????履行??1-3???f(5)?ΥGATT1994?16????О?????????????f?????????????j(1)????????行?i(2)?????250:..WTO???к??????????????п????п行?i(3)??????˙???????利?i(4)???????????п(劉??d2000)f?e????SCM????????????j(1)?????d??????????????i(2)??????利?i(3)??????fSCM????????類j(1)??????(prohibitedsubsidies)j??????d???????(exportperformance)???????????????????j???????類??d類兩?????i??????d???????d??????????????Ъ???????????律????О?????????例???d例ν????e???勵e????j???????????eе?????eе?????e??????????e?????i??類?????????j?????????????Ъ?????????????i???????????????????????????????d易??????????????f???易??不利??d????????????d??SCM??????d不論??????????π?d??????i(2)??????(actionablesubsidies)j??????d????????不????????????d????列??????d?????????d??????j(i)??????????????d?(ii)???????利?????d?(iii)??????利?????Κ?i(3)不??????(non-actionablesubsidies)j????綠?d??不????????????d例ν???????e?不利??e?????????f?????????????d????ε????????????dШ?????不??????f不?d?????????理?度d??????????????d例ν??????d?????????行???d???不???d??ν????f????若????易??????????????d?SCM???251:..?易??論?
?1??????˙?d?????????行??d??????????????????????????????????i若??不?d???SCM???WTO???理?????d???????????????????(DisputeSettlementBodyd??DSB)f?若DSB???????????????d???????????????d????DSB????????????????????(countermeasures)f??d??不????????????˙?dШ???˙???兩類???不Ν????(羅??d1999)j不???????????????????(???????)???d?不?DSB???f?SCM?????d??不????????d????????????????d???類??不???dШ若???????理????????????????????(seriousadverseeffects)d例ν????????復(tocausedamagewhichwouldbedifficulttorepair)d????????????????????f?????????d????????????行??d???????????????˙???????˙?f?若?60???????˙???˙?d?????????????????????d????立у??i若??????????????π?d??????????????????????d???????f????????????120??dЪ???論i?若???????六???????行d???????????????????????????度???????f?e???????????不????易行?d???????????d理?????dШ?????????????????量d????????????????????????d??????d????行?????來у?行π?fШ??е?????????d??????????????不??252:..WTO???к???????????????類????度???iΝ??d??е????濫?d??????????????????e????????d????易????e???????????兩???????d說???i??????????????fGATT?1947年???dу????????????????d利???????f?GATT?6??3??????˙???j????不????????領??????領????d????П????????????????????e????????????п???(?????????????????)??度????f???????d?????????????e???????????????????????й???f????????й??d???????????d????????????????d???????????f??????d??????????????π???d????????????????π?f?GATT?6??6??(a)????d?????????????(positiveevidence)?Υ?列????j(1)??j??????????i(2)??????j????e????????e????)3(i??????立????????jу????????????????????f??????????????度d?Ν???????????d???????????????理不???易??й??f不?d???????d?????????行???????????????d??????????????d??d?????????????????行????f?e??????????????????13?????????????????dе???WTO???????d若?????????d?????SCM??????253:..?易??論?
?1????d?????????????d度???????行????????????2003年?f??dWTO???????π?d?2004年??Ъ??????f??d???????????d??????度?τ?Υ??(legalsecurity)d??????????????????????dу不?????iШ???????令???d????????WTO???????d??????????????力f??????????異d????????理ν?j1.??(G/AGA/NG/W/90)j?????????????量?????d???????????????Ν???d??????諾??行d??????????????f2.???(G/AGA/NG/W/92)j????????d?????????易?????????????????????????d???????d不?????f3.?里Г?(G/AGA/NG/W/96)j???????WTO???????????d??Υ?????????d???????????????????(G/AGA/NG/W/102)j?????13?????????????????例???d?????行???d?????????????е???????d????????易???Σ??????f??????dΙ度???????????????????dШ???????????ˇ?年?????????d????????????????f5.???(G/AGA/NG/W/106)j??п??????Υ?WTO??????????d??Υ??e??????????d????不?????????f6.??(G/AGA/NG/W/136)j??????不???f不?d????????糧?τ??????(FoodSecurity/DevelopmentBox)????????d????????????j?????????d??????254:..WTO???к?????????????d不論????????勵???d????????п???d?????????????????d????????????????????d????????Э??????????????????????????d不?列?????????i例ν????????勵??????Υ??f?????列?不??????Ъ????????不??????不?列??????AMS?????f?????列?不??????f7.?Г?(G/AGA/NG/W/138)j???????????????????????????????f?e????易?????????d?????????(exportsubsidy)?????(domesticsubsidy)f?????????i??????????????????????εd??????e???еe??????????????e??Э利??e??????????f??????????????e??e??d?????利???d??說????d????????念????f?e?????й??????????論?j(?)????????????易??d?????dSh?Dh?й???????????f若??????1d????易???d??????OBd??OAd?????ABу???量f255:..?易??論?
?1?GESh?2S’hcabd?1SfHFDh0DABCQ??e???????????若????????пSd?????OCd??ODd??DCf????利???˙?d?????????P2d????????(a+b+c)dШ?????????ˇ(a+b)i??????????了(b+c+d)d??d?????利?????????(b+d)f(?)??????H若????易??d???量ε????????dν????d令SEX?F??????????dDIM???????????????????f????易?d???????P1d????OBe??OAd??AB(=OC)f若????????Sd???勵????????d???????P3d???????P2(=P3+S)d?????ˇf????利???˙?d????????(a+b+c)dШ?????????ˇ(a+b)i??????????了(b+c+d+e)d??d?????利?????????(b+d+e)d??e??易??惡??利?d???????Шi?????了fff256:..WTO???к????????????Sh?????H'SEXS’h?2HSEXacbd?1ef?3FDhDIM0A’ABB’Q0CDQ??e???????????????????降Э????利??dШ???????????d????????????利d??????????勵???????fΝ???利??????????Шd????利??????????來若d??ˇ勞????????d????????f不?d若Ν??數??????行?????d?????????????????Ц?率dу??????????????利f若?????不????d??????利?π?d??d??????????量??????利?d???易??惡???來???d??????????????利??d??d??????????略???易??(strategictradepolicy)d???п??????更???Ц?率???利?(profitshifting)?Ъ?(劉??e???e???d2002)f?e????????說????????f???d??????Shd??????????З????S??d??????d????????d?????降?P3dу??量????OC???ODf?????????????d????降?Ν???????????Шd?惡??易?????利d??257:..?易??論?
?1???????????????????不Νd?????d?????????????????????f??Sh??HPPSEXP2S’hH'P1SEXP1P3P3FDhDIM00AA’BB’QCDQ??e?????????陸e???к??量????e?量???????π?d??????????????щ?????e?????????????e????不?????行?e????易??不??????行?d?????Υ???к?d?ˇ??????????識j(?)????????????????????О???????d??????d??????????年來?????32?????d?2002年??WTO??????258:..WTO???к?????????????dШ?不??d?略Э?2000年d?????????й???e??e??d????d????1/3???????d不?d??????Υ?Ц??????率?73%?年降?66%??f???????????不?d?2003年?例d???й???(冷?)e??(?)e??????(??e??)e?????e??e??(?)e??(冷?)eю??(冷?)e??(冷?)???f?????????略?不????????d????????d?у便??d???????????不???力??易??d?不?????????????О??d???說d???????????????????不???f(?)?????????????d??????易?я????d??????d??年??????????74???d???WTO????????????d????????????e??利?e??d????1/3來?????d????????Υ?Ц?????不??1/2d??????????d??來?????f?(??e)類?(???й???d例?年2003?d???????料??)e???e?類e??????e??e??(?)e?????e?(??)???????e??(?類)d???й???f???????????????????d?????????????????d?Σ??????d?й????WTO????行???????d????????度?降d??????年?降???????d????????????????烈d???說d若???????????????d?????????????????????f????????????п?金d?????度???????dШ????若??????π?d??????d??????????е????????????度???????d??????????????f259:..?易??論?
?1?(?)????????????????若??????d????????????????????????????d不?d?????щ?行?????d?????d?π??ε??f?????說??WTO?立??d???????????例f??3年2001???立?OTW?????來?例???????料d??40?d???2000年1?1??????????????e2000年1?1??來????????????e??立??e???e???????立??????f???????????15???d???й???eˋГe???e??9e5e4e3?i??????????10???εd???й????eˋГe??e???7e7e4e2?d??若???e?利?e?蘭e??蘭?????列?????d?不論????????????e????禮?Гˋd??dˇ不????????d????Ъ?????????d???????????ˋГ??d?????e?魯??f??????????d不論????????d??Ι?eΙ度e?律???????d不???????????ˇ了?εf???????d???車??e??e?車e???f?????????????d??????不ν????d不?d????????????d?????????????諾d????蘭??e??????????????????量??e??????????????????諾d??????酪????d???利????????利?????行??????????????例f??d??????????????量d?????????d???????dШ?不???????????εd?來?????Шd行?不?????????????d???????????d???度???????力量???力量??f????d???щ?????????力d????????????dШ不???不????λ???fШ?論νОd?˙???????????d??????????????Ъ???d?????????不??f260:..WTO???к???????????(?)?????????????????????e?勵???????????行?d??????????(sovereignty)???????fШ??GATT/WTO??????易理念?d?ε????к??????d???????????行?d??????度???d???行??Ν????????i???d??????不????領?у?來??d???不???????????來?不?易(?更瑩d1994)d??????度?降Эfν??易??????????d????????????e?????d?????SCM?????????????度???f(?)??????????????????˙?j綠???e?????????f?????π?d????????利??????d若??????еd?????SCM??????d?ν????d???????d??????????dШ?????????????????????????????力d???????d????????еd?????d??????????f不?dν????????d?п????????行??d???????f?ν????d??????π???d?????不???????ΣdШ?????????????d?????????????????????不????d????????f??е????????????Ν?d???臨?????力d?異????d?????????е??度i????Υ???к??????????????d?????行?利d???????????d?????不d????????????????????????f???綠???˙?d????????????不?????d??е?????d???留???SCM??????i不?d?SCM?????????e不利??e?????˙????列?不???d?綠????d261:..?易??論?
?1?????e??e???????d?更???列?不?????????f(六)??????度?WTO??Υ???к?d???????度??????????d?????????dШ?????˙????????d?й????????聯Υ????d????????????來?????????????????f?不論????????e??????????????????d???????????????????d??d????????????????˙???еd??к????d???????f(?)???????度?????????參?WTO????????????пd????????????????????????d????Ч????????更????Гˋν例f?行復???????е????d?????????d?WTO???ˇ??d??????糖???????????諾˙??行不力????dˋГ?????2000/01年??d?????39???d????????????73%d聯Υ?糧??????????????Ν????j?????????量?降10%d?????????26%f??樂??(2004)??????????300,4?d里???d????????????d???????????%iЬ???索??了12%?????d???????????1%i?寧??????