SRK公司煤层气开发现状.pdf

该【SRK公司煤层气开发现状 】是由【小屁孩】上传分享，文档一共【65】页，该文档可以免费在线阅读，需要了解更多关于【SRK公司煤层气开发现状 】的内容，可以使用淘豆网的站内搜索功能，选择自己适合的文档，以下文字是截取该文章内的部分文字，如需要获得完整电子版，请下载此文档到您的设备，方便您编辑和打印。:..CBMDrillingTechnology8March2013:..CBMTechnologiesToday’sdiscussionwillfocusonfourtechnologyareas:?EEExploration?EEInseamoperations?EEVerticalwells?EEProductiontesting:..煤层气技术今天的议题集中在如下四个技术领域:?勘探?水平井作业?直井?生产测试:..icExplorationforCBMPeatVVVLigniteVVVSubHighBitum-LowSemiAnth-Bitum-VolatileinousvolatileAnth-raciteinousBitum-Bitum-raciteinousinousRankEEEE<<35EEEE35-50EEE50-70EEEE>70EEEE>120>150EEE>180EEE>200DepthmEEE100EEEE<<1kEEEE<1kEEEE1k-2kEEEE>2k>4kEEEE>5kEEEE>10kGasContentGenerationBiogenicPotentiallythermogenicandbiogenicThermogenicCleatsdevelopBestpermeability,ifvitriniterichPoorPermeabilityPermeabilityCleatsannealedApplicationPotentialcontrolledbybiogenicrechargeofbasinPotentialcontrolledbythermogenicprocessanalysisIdealforCBM:..煤层气勘探思路煤层气勘探思路泥炭泥炭褐煤褐煤褐煤褐煤次烟煤次烟煤次烟煤高挥发高挥发高挥发烟煤烟煤低挥发低挥发低挥发半无烟半无烟半无烟无烟煤无烟煤无烟煤烟煤烟煤烟煤烟煤烟煤煤煤煤煤煤阶<<35EEEE35-50EEE50-70EEEE>70EEEE>120>150EEE>180EEE>200埋深m100EEEE<<1kEEEE<1kEEEE1k-2kEEEE>2k>4kEEEE>5kEEEE>10k含气量成因生物成因生物成因生物成因和热成因潜力区生物成因和热成因潜力区热成因热成因热成因割理发育割理发育如果富含镜质体如果富含镜质体如果富含镜质体,,,渗透性最佳,渗透性最佳渗透性最佳渗透性差渗透性差渗透性差渗透性差渗透率割理闭合割理闭合割理闭合盆地分析的生物成因气主导潜力区应用热成因气主导潜力区煤层气最为理想煤层气最为理想煤层气最为理想:..CBMBasinsoftheworldPeatVVVLigniteVVVSubHighBitum-LowSemiAnth-Bitum-VolatileinousvolatileAnth-raciteinousBitum-Bitum-raciteinousinousRankEEEE<<35EEEE35-50EEE50-70EEEE>70EEEE>120>150EEE>180EEE>200DepthmEEE100EEEE<<1kEEEE<1kEEEE1k-2kEEEE>2k>4kEEEE>5kEEEE>10kDajingSydneyBowenHenanBasinsPowderRLiulinPanzhuangSuratSanJuanShouyangApplicationPotentialcontrolledbybiogenicrechargeofbasinPotentialcontrolledbythermogenicprocessanalysis:..世界各地煤层气案例世界各地煤层气案例泥炭泥炭褐煤褐煤褐煤褐煤次烟煤次烟煤次烟煤高挥发高挥发高挥发烟煤烟煤低挥发低挥发低挥发半无烟半无烟半无烟无烟煤无烟煤无烟煤分烟煤分烟煤分烟煤分烟煤分烟煤分烟煤煤煤煤煤煤阶<<35EEEE35-50EEE50-70EEEE>70EEEE>120>150EEE>180EEE>200埋深m100EEEE<<1kEEEE<1kEEEE1k-2kEEEE>2k>4kEEEE>5kEEEE>10k大井大井大井SydneyBowen河南河南河南河南河南河南案例案例案例案例PowderR柳林柳林潘庄潘庄潘庄SuratSanJuan寿阳寿阳寿阳盆地分析应用生物成因气主导潜力区热成因气主导潜力区:..Isotopicanalysis–identifyingmethanegenesis-110GeneralRangeofCBM-90CO2reductionSecondary)-70Biogenic/ooPrimaryoC(Biogenic13CO2fermentationδδδδmixing-50LighterCarbonIsotope-30Generalrangeofnaturalgas-10-400VVVVVVV-350VVVVVVV-300VVVVVVV-250VVVVVVV-200VVVVVVV-150VVVVVVV-100δδδδ2H(o/)oo?EPrimaryBiogenicmethaneformedduringearlystagesofcoalification?ESecondarybiogenicmethaneformsafteruplift:..同位素分析同位素分析–确定甲确定甲烷成因烷成因-110煤层气范围-90CO2reduction次生生物成因气)-70/ooo原生生物成因气C(13CO2fermentationδδδδmixing-50LighterCarbonIsotope-30天然气范围-10-400VVVVVVV-350VVVVVVV-300VVVVVVV-250VVVVVVV-200VVVVVVV-150VVVVVVV-100δδδδ2H(o/)oo?原生生物成因气在煤化的初期生成?次生生物成因气在盆地抬升后生成:..CorerecoveryLowcorerecovery=urategascontentmeasurement?EPoorcorerecovery?EPoorcorequality?EHighlostgas(Q1)?EUnderreportedgascontent:..取心收获率低取心收获率低取心收获率低取心收获率=不正确的气含量测试不正确的气含量测试不正确的气含量测试?收获率低?岩心质量较差?损失气量(Q1)高?气含量测试报告偏低:..Corerecovery?EHighcorerecovery?EHighcorequality?ELowlostgas?urategascontentHQcoringequipment?Edesignedforcoringsoftercoalformation?Ehighrecoverrates?ESmallerrigs?ELowcostsHighcorequality=Accurategascontentdata:..取心收获率?收获率高?岩芯质量好?损失气量小?含气量测试准确HQ取芯设备?设计适合软煤层取芯?收获率高?小型钻机?成本低高收获率高收获率=准准准确的气含量测试数据准确的气含量测试数据确的气含量测试数据确的气含量测试数据:..ReducingOxidation?ursinallcoalseams(withexposuretooxygen)?Duringoxidation,thecoalabsorbsoxygen?Duringcrushingofcoal(),oxidationeffectisgreatest?PurgedQ3canisters,resultingin>50%highergascontentmeasurementOxidationcanresultinQ3INCORRECTLYreporteda0m3/t!!PurginggasQ3canisterCrusher:..减少煤的氧化?氧化发生在所有的煤层(与氧气接触)?氧化过程中,煤吸收氧气?研磨煤的过程中(例如测量残余含气量Q3),氧化的影响最大?采用装样器充入惰性气体,导致气含量测试数据提高了>50%氧氧氧化可以导致氧化可以导致化可以导致Q3的测试数据不准确的测试数据不准确的测试数据不准确至为至为0m3/t!!充入气体Q3装样器球磨机:..Permeabilitytesting–DSTDSTpermeabilitytestingisbetter,as:?LesseffectfromdrillingfluidsLowskins=uratepermdata?Noinducedfractures(causebyinjecting)?Formationfluidsamplescanbetaken?Lowerrigtime(<30hours)?Lowercost:..渗透率测试–DSTDST渗透率测试更好,因为:?受到钻井液影响小低表皮系数低表皮系数低表皮系数低表皮系数=更为准确的数据更为准确的数据?不会造成裂缝(注入引起的)?可以取到地层流体?钻机时间少(<30小时)?低成本:..InseamWells–ToeverseHeal“Toe”InseamWells“Heal”InseamWellsProsPros?Lateralpressuremonitoring?EEOptionformultilaterals?Lateralflushing/cleaning?EEOptionfor“singlesite”well?Downdipdrilling?EELowercostsConsCons?essrequired?ENolateralpressuremonitoring?ELimitofsinglelateral(perradius)?ENolateralflushing/cleaning:..煤层水平井–脚尖和脚跟型联通“脚尖联通型脚尖联通型脚尖联通型脚尖联通型脚尖联通型脚尖联通型脚尖联通型脚尖联通型”水平井水平井水平井水平井水平井水平井水平井水平井“脚跟联通型脚跟联通型脚跟联通型脚跟联通型脚跟联通型脚跟联通型脚跟联通型脚跟联通型”水平井水平井水平井水平井水平井水平井优点?可以监测水平分支的压力优点?能够钻多分支?水平段可以冲洗,洗井?能够钻“单井场”井?下行钻井?成本低缺点?需要额外的井场征地缺点?不能监测水平分支压力?单一的分支(每一个造斜段)?水平分支不能洗井:..InseamWells–DirectVsRangedIntersectionDirectIntersectionRangedIntersectionProsPros?Lessrigtime(andrigcost)?EESimplertooperate?Accuracy(intersectcasedhole)?EEHighrepeatabilityConsCons?EHighercost?ELowercost?ELowerrepeatability?EMorerigtime(andrigcost)VerticalwellInseamholeRadiusbend:..煤层水平井–直接联通和测量后再联通直接联通直直直接联通直直直接联通接联通接联通接联通接联通测量测量测量测量测量测量后联通后联通后联通后联通后联通后联通优点?优点优点优点钻机时间少优点?优点优点优点优点优点操作容易?准确(与套管井联通)?重复性高缺点?缺点缺点成本高缺缺缺点缺点点点?可重复性低?成本低?钻机时间长(费用高)VerticalwellInseamholeRadiusbend:..InseamPilotWells–“Standard”AustralianDesignCons?EHighcasedtoinseamholeratio?EHighoperatingcostsPros?EPeakproductionratenotmaximize?Monitoringlateralwellheadpressures(blocks&collapse)?EDifficulttoimplementinchallengingtopography?Abilitytoflushlaterals?Multiplepumpingpoints(minimize%downtime)Verticalwell?MaximumdatarecoveryInseamhole300mRadiusbend800m:..煤层水平先导实验井–“标准”澳大利亚设计缺点?缺点缺点?缺点缺点缺点下套管段与水平段比率太高?作业费用高?生产峰值不是最大?在地表困难地区难于实现优点?优点优点可以监测水平井口压力(堵塞&垮塌)?可以冲洗水平段?多个下泵位置(最少化停工时间)?数据录取最大化直井水平段300m造斜段800m:..InseamProductionWell–“TheChevron”Application?EETargetseams:1(or2)?EEThickness:>1m?Drainageradius:300m?EEPermeability:5-60mD?Drainagearea:-(collapsing)coalseamsivingtopographyInseamholeVerticalwell800mRadiusbend1,200m:..煤层水平生产井–“V”型应用?应用目标煤层:1(or2)?厚度>1m?渗透率:5-60mD?排采半径:300m?排采面积:-(((垮塌(垮塌垮塌垮塌))))需要良良良好的地貌特征良好的地貌特征好的地貌特征水平段直井800m造斜段1,200m:..InseamProductionWell–“TheCrow’sFoot”Application?ETargetseams:1(or2)?EThickness:>1m?Drainageradius:150m?EPermeability:-10mD2?Drainagearea:-,000m:..煤层水平生产井–“鸟足”型应用应用?目标煤层:1(or2)?厚度:>1m?排采:150m?渗透率:-10mD?排采:-,000m:..InseamProductionWell–“MultiSeamWells”Application?EEither“Single”or“Crow’sFoot”design?ETargetnumberofseams:2-5?ELowersdevelopmentcosts?ELowerssurfacefacerequirementsIdealforadjacentseamsRadiusbendInseamholeVerticalwell:..煤层水平生产井–E“多层井”应用应用应用?EE“单一”或“鸟足”设计?目标煤层:2-5?较低的开发成本?较低的地面要求最适合相邻多煤层最适合相邻多煤层造斜段水平段直井:..InseamProductionWell–E“TheInseamCluster”InseamCluster?EEE1xdrillingsite?EEE4xinseamwells?EEE3xseamstargeted?EEE20kminseamhole(persite)Inseamhole?EEEDrainagearea:-(persite)MostcosteffectivewellinLiulin’slowpermandchallengingtopography1xSiteSlantedRadiusproductionwellbendLinedlaterals:..煤层水平生产井–E“煤层丛式井组”煤层丛式井组煤层丛式井组煤层丛式井组?E1x井场?E4x煤层水平井水平段?E3x目标煤层?E20km煤层水平段(每一井场)2?排采面积:-(每一井场)1x井场在柳林那种较低渗透率和地貌复杂的区域在柳林那种较低渗透率和地貌复杂的区域在柳林那种较低渗透率和地貌复杂的区域,,,,此种井型是最经济有效的此种井型是最经济有效的此种井型是最经济有效的斜井生产井造斜段下衬管分支井:..InseamProductionWell–UnderbalancedInseamDrilling?=LessFormationDamage=HigherProductionRatesRotatingBOPCompressorTubingAeratedmud:..煤层水平生产井–欠平衡煤层水平井?=较较较小的地层伤害较小的地层伤害小的地层伤害小的地层伤害=较高较高较高的产气量的产气量的产气量旋转BOP空压机油管充气泥浆:..NearBitLWD/MWD&Smartmotors?Gammaandinclinationclosertobit?FasterindicationofBHAtrendswhilesliding?Focused(up/down)!!MWDMotorCollar8-:..靠近钻头的LWD/MWD&智能马达?伽马和井斜靠近钻头?钻进中更快的判断底部钻具组合趋势?侧重(上/下)!!MWD马达钻铤8-9m标准的伽马和井斜靠近伽马和井斜传感器传感器:..VerticalDrillingTechnologies:..垂直钻井技术垂直钻井技术:..VerticalProductionWell–CavitationApplication?EETargetnumberofseams:>2?EEThickness:>?EEPermeability:>50mDPumpTruckIdealbreakingdowndrillingdamage?EEOperationallysimple?EELowcostTubingCanenhanceunder-preformingwells:..直井生产井–造穴应用?应用应用?应用应用应用目标煤层数:>2?厚度:>?渗透率:>50mD泵车有有有利有利利利于破除钻井时的伤害于破除钻井时的伤害于破除钻井时的伤害?作业简单?低成本油管能改善表现欠佳井能改善表现欠佳井能改善表现欠佳井能改善表现欠佳井:..VerticalProductionWell–Non-pletionsApplication?EETargetnumberofseams:>2Openhole?EEThickness:>?EEPermeability:>50mDeliminatesProductionEliminatescementingdamagecasing?EEOperationallysimple?EELowcostIdealforhighpermcoalseamsApplicationsininseamwellsSwell-ablecasingpacker:..直井生产井–不固井完井应用?应用应用目标煤层数:>2?厚度:>?渗透率>50mD生产套管消除了固井的伤害消除了固井的伤害?作业简单?低成本最适合高渗透率煤层最适合高渗透率煤层在煤层水平井中可以应用膨胀式套管封隔器:..VerticalProductionWell–UnderReamedApplication?EETargetnumberofseams:>2?EEThickness:>?EEPermeability:>50mDettingpastdrillingdamageProductiontubing?pletion?EENeedhighperm?pleted“openhole”?pletedwhileairdrilling,forvvenhancedresultsUndervvReamedvv:..直井生产井–扩孔应用?应用目的煤层>2?厚度>?渗透率>50mD消除地层伤害消除地层伤害消除地层伤害消除地层伤害消除地层伤害消除地层伤害消除地层伤害消除地层伤害生产套管?完井成本低?渗透率高?通常裸眼完井?通常采用空气钻井,提高效果vv扩孔vvvv:..CoilTubingDrilling–Vertical?EIdealforverticalproductionwells?ENodrillpipe?EIntergradedcasing,cementingandwellheadsolution?ELowcost?EMinimal(orno)sitepreparationVeryquick,5-6daysperwell!!!PlannedforextensiveuseinAustraliandrillingoperationsCurrentcasestudy:?E4rigs?.?E72-110drillinghours
(includingmob):..连续油管钻井–直井?适合垂直生产井?不使用钻杆?整合了套管、固井和井口?低成本?最小(或不需要)井场准备非常快非常快,,,每口井,每口井每口井每口井5-6天天天天!!!在澳洲钻井作业中,准备广泛应用目前的案例:?E4部钻机?每年275口500m井?E72-110钻时
(包括搬迁):..FracturingTechnologies:..压裂技术压裂技术:..Proppant–Sand,ResinSand&CeramicsSandResinSandCeramics?Lowcost?EEMediumcost?EEHighestcost?Poorfracstability?EESelfbinding?EEVeryhard,butlow?Onlyapplicableto?EEVeryusefulinsofterdensityhardstableseamsformations?EEGoodbuoyancy?EEWillstayinplaceSandfracsoftenfailIdealforsoftandlonger(duringfracduringrepeattestingunstablecoalseamsclosure)IdealforlowpermfracsFailedfrac=losureNoproductionperiodCanassistwith“sandsettling”issues:..支撑剂–砂、树脂砂和陶粒砂砂砂?砂成本低树脂砂?树脂砂树脂砂?树脂砂树脂砂树脂砂成本中等陶粒?陶粒陶粒陶粒成本最高?压裂稳定性差?自我粘结?非常硬,但密度低?仅应用于硬的稳定煤层?适合软地层?浮力好?长期保持在原地(在压裂裂缝闭合期间)在重复压裂时砂压裂通常失败对软地层和不稳定地层对软地层和不稳定地层失败的压裂失败的压裂失败的压裂=很理想很理想很理想适合于闭合期长的低渗透率地层压裂没有产量没有产量能协助解决砂沉降问题能协助解决砂沉降问题能协助解决砂沉降问题:..FractureFluid–SlickWater&PolymerGelSlickWaterPros?EELowcostCons?ELargevolumes(450m3)?EIncreasedformationdamagePolymerGelPros?EELowervolumesrequires(200m3)?EELowerformationdamageCons?paredtowater):..压裂液–滑溜水&凝胶滑溜水滑溜水滑溜水滑溜水滑溜水滑溜水优点优优优点优优优点点点点点点?成本低缺缺缺点缺点点点?体积大(450m3)?增加地层伤害凝胶凝胶凝胶凝胶优点优点?