雅思真题原文.doc

该【雅思真题原文 】是由【春天资料屋】上传分享，文档一共【10】页，该文档可以免费在线阅读，需要了解更多关于【雅思真题原文 】的内容，可以使用淘豆网的站内搜索功能，选择自己适合的文档，以下文字是截取该文章内的部分文字，如需要获得完整电子版，请下载此文档到您的设备，方便您编辑和打印。Materialsforlecture16-18Readingpassage1Questions1-:thefloatprocessGlass,whichhasbeenmadesincethetimeoftheMesopotamiansandEgyptians,islittlemorethanamixtureofsand,(°C), inghard, soit stayed perfectly unblemished, with a‘fire finish ’.However,,,-stop,buttherollerswouldleavebothsidesoftheglassmarked,,,tintedandcoatedglassforbuildings,,andin1952hehadtheideaofusingabedofmoltenmetaltoformtheflatglass,(about600°C),butcouldnotboilatatemperaturebelowthetemperatureofthemoltenglass(about1500°C).,,whenpouringmoltenglassontothemoltentin,,itwouldflowoverthemoltentinuntilthetopsurfacewasalsoflat,°,60percentoftheflatglassmarketatthattimewasforsix--,ittook14monthsofnon-stopproduction,costingthecompany￡100,000amonth,,oncetheyeededinmakingmarketableflatglass,,witheachabletoproducearound1000tonsofglasseveryday,non--melting,refining,homogenising-,lastingaslongas50hours,thatdeliversglasssmoothlyandcontinuouslytothefloatbath,andfromtheretoacoatingzoneandfinallyaheattreatmentzone,,theproducthaschangeddramatically,fromasinglethicknessofmmtoarangefromsub-millimetreto25mm,,,abubbleisnotremovedduringrefining,asandgrainrefusestomelt,-,,,,-13DothefollowingstatementsagreewiththeinformationgiveninReadingPassage1Inboxes9-13onyouranswersheet,writeTRUEFALSENOTGIVEN ’sfirstfull -,but,beforeIembarkonthat,-asopposedtoweather-assomethingunchanging,yethumanityhasbeenatthemercyofclimatechangeforitsentireexistence,withatleasteightglacialepisodesinthepast730,,around10,000yearsago,,decadesofheavyustomedcold;adoptedagricultureandstock-raising,whichrevolutionisedhumanlife;andfoundedtheworld’sfirstpre-industrialcivilisationsinEgypt,,infamine,diseaseandsuffering,,Europeexperiencedacycleofbitterlycoldwinters;mountainglaciersintheSwissAlpswerethelowestinrecordedmemory,,however;ratheranirregularseesawofrapidclimaticshifts,fewlastingmorethanaquarter-century,,thenswitchedabruptlytoyearsofheavyspringandearlysummerrains,mildwinters,andfrequentAtlanticstorms,ortoperiodsofdroughts,lightnortheasterlywinds,,becausesystematicweatherobservationsbeganonlyafewcenturiesago,,wehaveonly‘proxyrecords’reconstructedlargelyfromtreeringsandicecores,-ringrecordsfromthroughoutthenorthernhemisphere,andmanyfromsouthoftheequator,too,amplifiedwithagrowingbodyoftemperaturedatafromicecoresdrilledinAntarctica,Greenland,thePeruvianAndes,Thisbookisanarrative history ofclimatic shifts during thepasttencenturies,,,Norsevoyagers fromNorthern Europeexplored northern seas, settled Greenland,,forthen,asalwayssincetheGreatIceAge,,,NorsevoyagestothewestwerereroutedintotheopenAtlantic,,muchwetterweatherdescendedonEuropebetween1315and1319,whenthousandsperishedinacontinent-wide famine. By 1400, the weather had edecidedly moreunpredictableandstormier,withsuddenshiftsandlowertemperaturesthatculminated inthecold decadesofthelate sixteenth century. Fish wereavitalcommodityingrowingtownsandcities,,,Dutch,-,-hungryfarmersandothers,towhichthefaminecausedbytheIrishpotatoblightcontributed,toNorthAmerica,Australia,NewZealand,’axesbetween1850and1890,,,,-26urringduringtheA MedievalWarmPeriodLittleIceAgeModernWarmPeriodWritethecorrectletter, A,B orC,inboxes23-,orolfaction,,psychological andsocial level. Forthemostpart, however,-',,,therefore,consistsnotonlyofthesensationoftheodoursthemselves, Odoursarealso essential cuesinsocial bonding. Onerespondent to thesurveybelieved that there is notrue emotional bondingwithout touching andsmellingaloved ,infantsrecognise theodoursoftheirmotherssoonafterbirthandadults canoftenidentify theirchildrenorspousesbyscent. Inonewell-known test, womenandmenwereable todistinguish bysmell aloneclothingwornbytheir marriage partners fromsimilar clothing wornbyother people. Mostofthesubjectswouldprobablyneverhavegivenmuchthoughttoodourasacueforidentifyingfamilymembersbeforebeinginvolvedinthetest,butastheexperimentrevealed,evenwhennotconsciouslyconsidered, Inspite ofits importance toouremotional andsensory lives, smell isprobablythemostundervalued sensein manycultures. Thereasonoften given for thelowregard inwhichsmell isheldis that,parisonwithitsimportanceamonganimals, theolfactory powersofhumansarenothing like asfine asthose possessedbycertainanimals,,,however,,unlikecolours,forinstance,cannotbenamedinmanylanguagesbecausethespecificvocabularysimplydoesn'texist. ‘Itsmellslike..., ’wehavetosaywhendescribinganodour,:there isno effectiveway toeither ofolfaction, wemustmakedowith descriptions