高中化学基础知识大全.doc

1, 氧化性:
F2 + H2 === 2HF
F2 +Xe(过量)===XeF2
2F2(过量)+Xe===XeF4
nF2 +2M===2MFn (表示大部分金属)
2F2 +2H2O===4HF+O2
2F2 +2NaOH===2NaF+OF2 +H2O
F2 +2NaCl===2NaF+Cl2
F2 +2NaBr===2NaF+Br2
F2+2NaI ===2NaF+I2
F2 +Cl2 (等体积)===2ClF
3F2 (过量)+Cl2===2ClF3
7F2(过量)+I2 ===2IF7
Cl2 +H2 ===2HCl
3Cl2 +2P===2PCl3
Cl2 +PCl3 ===PCl5
Cl2 +2Na===2NaCl
3Cl2 +2Fe===2FeCl3
Cl2 +2FeCl2 ===2FeCl3
Cl2+Cu===CuCl2
2Cl2+2NaBr===2NaCl+Br2
Cl2 +2NaI ===2NaCl+I2
5Cl2+I2+6H2O===2HIO3+10HCl
Cl2 +Na2S===2NaCl+S
Cl2 +H2S===2HCl+S
Cl2+SO2 +2H2O===H2SO4 +2HCl
Cl2 +H2O2 ===2HCl+O2
2O2 +3Fe===Fe3O4
O2+K===KO2
S+H2===H2S
2S+C===CS2
S+Fe===FeS
S+2Cu===Cu2S
3S+2Al===Al2S3
S+Zn===ZnS
N2+3H2===2NH3
N2+3Mg===Mg3N2
N2+3Ca===Ca3N2
N2+3Ba===Ba3N2
N2+6Na===2Na3N
N2+6K===2K3N
N2+6Rb===2Rb3N
P2+6H2===4PH3
P+3Na===Na3P
2P+3Zn===Zn3P2

S+O2===SO2
S+6HNO3(浓)===H2SO4+6NO2+2H2O
3S+4 HNO3(稀)===3SO2+4NO+2H2O
N2+O2===2NO
4P+5O2===P4O10(常写成P2O5)
2P+3X2===2PX3 (X表示F2,Cl2,Br2)
PX3+X2===PX5
P4+20HNO3(浓)===4H3PO4+20NO2+4H2O
C+2F2===CF4
C+2Cl2===CCl4
2C+O2(少量)===2CO
C+O2(足量)===CO2
C+CO2===2CO
C+H2O===CO+H2(生成水煤气)
2C+SiO2===Si+2CO(制得粗硅)
Si(粗)+2Cl===SiCl4
(SiCl4+2H2===Si(纯)+4HCl)
Si(粉)+O2===SiO2
Si+C===SiC(金刚砂)
Si+2NaOH+H2O===Na2SiO3+2H2
3,(碱中)歧化
Cl2+H2O===HCl+HClO
(加酸抑制歧化,加碱或光照促进歧化)
Cl2+2NaOH===NaCl+NaClO+H2O
2Cl2+2