pragmatic failure of politeness in munication.doc

Abstract

Pragmatic failures of politeness in inter-munication have been mon phenomena and to a large extent are influencing smoothness and effectiveness munication seriously, which are the focus of this paper confined
in munication between Chinese and English native speakers. This paper describes pragmatic failures in some categories of polite speech acts and gives a new approach to analyze the causes that lead to such failures.
In terms of daily speech acts, such as greetings, compliment, farewell, refusal apology request and so on, pragmatic failures in practice are illustrated and simply discussed. In this paper, the main causes are classified into three categories, which are politeness transfer, different culture-based cognitive environment,and improper choice of context. The prototypical politeness of individuals in munication will be transferred into munication consciously or unconsciously. The formation of cognitive environment is based on the native culture and the most relevant culture factors are always playing as reference points and prototype to influence munication. The relevant context with optimal relevance e up first in one’s culture and plays to proceed munication. Such different prototypical understanding of context in different cultures and languages inevitably result municative failures.
To summarize from a new perspective, this paper explores politeness failures in
Inter-munication, presents the discussion of causes in the light of
cognitive view and provides a reference for English learning and teaching, as well as munication.
Key Words: pragmatic failures, politeness, cognitive, prototype, relevance

摘要
跨文化交际中的礼貌语用失误已经成为一个普遍的现象,在很大程度上严重影响着交际的顺利进行和有效性,这正是本论文研究的主要问题。本论文描述了几种礼貌言语行为中的语用失误,给出一个新的视角来分析导致这些失误的成
因。
本论文对日常言语行为中的礼貌语用失误进行了描述和简单地分析,例如对招呼语,称赞语,告别语,拒绝语,道歉语,请求语等中出现的礼貌语用失误进行阐述。在此基础上,本论文将其主要的成因分为三类,即礼貌迁移,以文化为基础的不同的认知环境和不恰当的语境选择。在跨文化交际中,个人类典型的礼貌观念会有意识或无意识地转移到交际中来,也就是说不适用于二语的礼貌规则会迁移到交际中,从而导致礼貌语用失误。认知语境的形成是以母语文化为基础的,最相关联的文化因素总