7风险转移.ppt

第五节货物所有权与风险的转移
一、所有权的转移
合同订立时间为所有权转移的时间
货物特定化后,在交货时所有权发生转移
货物特定化后,以当事人的意图决定所有权转移
订立物权合同转移货物所有权
交货时所有权转移
案例分析:
某国出口商甲与另一国进口商乙签订一份CFR合同,合同规定由卖方甲出售小麦1000吨给买方乙,在装运港装上船的小麦都是混装的,共3000吨,卖方准备在货物运抵目的港后,再由船公司负责分拨1000吨给买方。载货船只在途中遇到高温天气而使小麦变质共计1200吨,其余1800吨得以安全运抵目的港。但卖方在货到目的港时声明,他出售给买方的1000吨小麦已在运输途中全部损失,且认为据CFR合同,风险已越过船舷转移,所以对损失不负责。买方则要求卖方履行合同。
双方将争议提交仲裁。
二、风险的转移(PASSING OF RISK )
(一)风险划分原则
1、以交货时间确定风险转移
2、过失划分原则
3、国际惯例优先
4、划拨是风险发生转移的前提条件
划拨,又称特定化(identify),指在货物上加标记,或以装运单据,或向买方发出通知或其他方式清楚地注明货物已归于合同项下。
(二)风险转移的时间
1、涉及运输的交货
(1)卖方无义务在指定地点交货,则货交第一承运人时风险转移;
(2)卖方在特定地点交货,则风险在该地点货交承运人时转移。
1涉及货物运输时风险转移的时间(Article 67)
If the contract of sale involves carriage of the goods and the seller is not bound to hand them over at a particular place, the risk passes to the buyer when the goods are handed over to the first carrier for transmission to the buyer in accordance with the contract of sale.
If the seller is bound to hand the goods over to a carrier at a particular place, the risk does not pass to the buyer until the goods are handed over to the carrier at that place.
The fact that the seller is authorized to retain documents controlling the disposition of the goods does not affect the passage of the risk.
(2) Nevertheless, the risk does not pass to the buyer until the goods are clearly identified to the contract, whether by markings on the goods, by shipping documents, by notice given to the buyer or otherwise.
2、在途货物的交货
(1)原则上从订立合同时起,风险转移到买方承担;
(2)若卖方通过向买方转移运输单据作为交货的依据,如果情况表明有需要时,则从货物交付给签发载有运输合同的单据的承运人时起风险由买方承担。
路货(Floating Cargo),买方(在途货物的卖方)将正在运输途中的货物作为标的,与第三方(在途货物的买方)订立买卖合同,并将货物出售给后者的一种交易。
2路货的风险转移时间
The risk in respect of goods sold in transit passes to the buyer from the time of the conclusion of the contract.
However, if the circumstances so indicate, the risk is assumed by the buyer from the time the goods were handed over to the carrier who issued the documents embodying the contract of carriage.
Nevertheless, if at the time of the conclusion of