英语~定语从句.doc

定语从句
定语从句又称形容词从句。通常修饰名词或代词,而且一般位于该名词或代词之后。定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词。
引导定语从句的词可分为两类:
关系代词:which,that,who,whom,whose(可以在句中作主语,宾语和定语)
关系副词:when,where,why。(在句中作状语)
限制性定语从句
限制性定语从句是整个句子不可缺少的部分,它不能和先行词用逗号隔开。如果失去限制性定语从句,句子的意思就不完整或不明确。因此,在翻译时,一般把它译成定语。
Eg:A man who does not try to learn from others will be not hopeful to achieve much.
关系代词和关系副词的用法
关于关系代词: that: 人, 事,物
Who:人
Which:事,物
Whom: 人。(作宾语时,可省略。)
Whose:人,事,物(作定语)
Eg:The road which /that leads to the small town has been widened.(在从句中作主语,指物)
Eg:The students who/that study hard are usually essful.( 在从句中作主语,指人)
Eg: The building whose roof we can see from here is the headquarters of the .( 在从句中作定语,指物)
Eg:The man whom/who/that you are talking to is the dean of our department.( 在从句中作宾语,指人,可省略)
注:1)关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句中谓语动词的人称和数必须与先行词保持一致。如上面的第一句。在句子中先行词是road,是第三人称单数,所以从句中谓语动词用leads。
2,在用whom 引导的定语从句中,若前面不带介词,可用who代替whom,如上面第四句话。
只能用that,that可省略的情况:
先行词为all,everything,nothing,anything,something,little,much,more等不定代词。
Eg:All (that) she lacked was training.
Eg: Everything (that) we saw at the exhibition was of great interest.
当先行词前面有序数词或是形容词最高级修饰时。
Eg: The first thing (that) you have to do is to register.
Eg: This is the most exciting game (that) I have ever seen.
当先行词前面有the last,the next,the only ,the every 修饰时。
Eg:This is the last book (that) you can choose .
当先行词为人和物的混合体时。
Eg: Watch the girl and her dog (that) ar