高血压的分级、分期、分型管理-血管与心、脑、肾等器官结构与功能检测- 上海交通大学医学院附属瑞金医院 上海市高血压研究所 王继光 jiguangw@ 0 30 60 90 120 150 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 (year) Stroke CHD Standardizedrate (1/100,000) Deaths attributed to stroke and CHD 《China CVD report 2005》 100 120 140 160 180 200 无血管或靶器官损害 有血管或靶器官损害 血管或靶器官并发症 分级(stage or grade) 高血压分级、分期、分型的基本理念 70 80 90 100 110 120 舒张压,mm Hg 收缩压,mm Hg 分型(phenotyping or pathophysiology) 分期(stratification or severity) 继发性高血压 有可测量异常的高血压 动脉硬化性高血压 高血压分级--准确测量血压,使用普遍有效的降压药物 高血压分期--测量血管与靶器官的结构与功能,选择强适应症药物 高血压分型--筛查病因以及影响血压的主要因素,采取病因治疗措施 坐位 袖带 血压计 JingNing: Prevalence of white-coat, masked, and sustained hypertension 80 60 40 20 0 Prevalence (%) Normotension % (n=322) % (n=54) % (n=75) % (n=243) White-coat HT Masked HT Sustained HT Wang GL, et al. J Hypertens 2007; 25:2398–2405. n=694 NICE 2011: Definitions Stage 1 hypertension: Clinic BP is 140/90 mmHg or higher and ABPM or HBPM average is 135/85 mmHg or higher. Stage 2 hypertension: Clinic BP is 160/100 mmHg or higher and ABPM or HBPM daytime average is 150/95 mmHg or higher. Severe hypertension: Clinic systolic BP is 180 mmHg or higher or Clinic diastolic BP is 110 mmHg or higher. Krause T, et al. BMJ 2011;343:d4891. A:ACEI or ARB;B:β-blockers;C:Bs;D:Thiazides;α:α-blockers;F:Fixed bination Definitive hypertension Monotherapy Combination BP<160/100mmHg;or low risk patients BP≥160/100mmHg;or high risk patients with a BP >20/10mmHg from the goal C A D B C+A A+D C+D C+B F Step 1 F C+A A+D C+B C+D C+D +A C+A +B A+D+α Step 2 C+A +D C+A +B A+D+α Other antihypertensive drugs, such as clonidipine, etc. Step 3 Chinese hypertension guidelines: Choice of antihypertensive drugs Chin J Cardiol 2011;39:579-616.