金属材料学双语课件.ppt

Chapter 1 Alloying of Steels
钢的合金化
Chapter 1 Alloying of Steels
§1 Structures and Properties of Metals
§2 Iron-carbon phase diagram
§3 Effect of alloying elements on iron- carbon phase diagram
§4 position of alloy
steels
§5 Heat treatment of steels-
Phase transformation in
alloy steels
金属的结构与性能
铁碳合金相图
合金元素对铁碳合金相图的影响
合金钢的相组成
钢的热处理—钢中的相转变
§6 Strengthening and toughening of steels
§7 Effect of alloying elements on steels’ processing property
§8 Types and grade of alloy steels
钢的强韧化
合金元素对钢工艺性的影响
合金钢的分类与编号
§1 Structures and Properties of Metals(金属结构与性能)
Crystal and Amorphous Structure in Materials (晶态与非晶态结构)
<1> crystalline and amorphous solids
(晶体与非晶体)
The physical structure of solid materials depends mainly on the arrangements of the atoms, ions or
molecules that make up the solid and the bonding forces between them.
crystalline materials
Definition: if the atoms or ions are arranged in order-------long-range order (LRO)-------the solid of material is called a crystalline material.
Examples: metals, alloys and
some ceramic materials.
Crystalline solids have fixed
melting points.
长程
有序
noncrystalline/amorphous materials(非晶体)
Definition: materials whose atoms and ions are not arranged in a long-range manner and possess only short-range order (SRO).
Examples: most polymers, glasses and some metals.
They don’t have fixed melting point.
短程有序:只在很小的范围内原子呈规则排列,而在大范围内无规则可循。
<2> the space lattice and unit cells (空间晶格与晶胞)
将原子抽象为空间点,用假想的空间直线按一定规律将这些点连起来形成三维空间构架,称为晶格(a space lattice,)。这些线的交点即原子的中心位置。
晶格
In a space lattice, there are repeating units which can describe the characteristic of the whole lattice, we call the units----unit cells.
晶胞
The space lattice can describe the atomic
arrangements in crystalline solids.
the lattice constants (晶格常数)
Three lattice vectors: a, b, c;
They are the axial lengths.
The interaxial angles: α、β and γ;
a, b, c, α、β、γare
called the lattice constants
of the unit cell.
Most metals (about