有关英语语法中《句子成分及五种基本句型》问题附有习题及答案(.doc

有关英语语法中《句子成分及五种基本句型》问题附有****题及答案(,后来觉得自己不简单,再后来觉得自己孩子不简单。越是想知道自己是不是忘记的时候,反而记得越清楚。英语的基本句型主要有五种,它们是:
1、主语——动词——表语
2、主语——动词
3、主语——动词——宾语
4、主语——动词——宾语——宾语
5、主语——动词——宾语——补语
掌握好这些基本句型,就可以为灵活运用语言打下良好的基础。下面分别讲解这五种句型。
一、主语——动词——表语
在这一句型中,动词是系动词,划线部分为表语。
is an engineer.(名词做表语)
he became silent.(形容词做表语)
remained standing for a hour.(现在分词做表语)
question remained unsolved.(过去分词做表语)
machine is out of order.(介词短语做表语)
television was on.(副词做表语)
plan is to keep the affair secret.(动词不定式做表语)
job is repairing cars.(动名词做表语)
question is what you want to do.(从句做表语,即:表语从句)
注意:在下面的句子中,形容词做表语,在表语的后面常常接不定式结构。
I'm happy to meet you.
They are willing to help.
We are determined to follow his example.
二、主语——动词
在这一句型中,动词为不及物动词及不及物的动词词组。在有的句子中,不及物动词可以有状语修饰。
sun is rising.
'll try.
you sleep well?(well做状语,修饰不及物动词sleep)
engine broke down.
注意:在此句型中,有少数不及物动词表达被动含义,表达主语本身所具有的特性,不用被动语态。
book sells wel.
window won't shut.
pen writes smoothly.
cuts easily. (接下页
三、主语——动词——宾语
在此句型中,动词为及物动词,划线部分为宾语。
you know these people(them)?(名词或代词做宾语)
can't express myself in English.(反身代词做宾语)
smiled a strange smile.(同源宾语)
can't afford to pay such a price.(不定式做宾语)
you mind waiting a few minutes?(动名词做宾语)
hope that I have said nothing to pain you.(从句做宾语,即:宾语从句)
注意:并不是所有的及物动词都可以接上述各种情况做宾语,不同的动词有不同的用法,所以,在学****动词时,一定要掌握其用法。
四、主语——动词——宾语——宾语
在此句型中,动词可以称作双宾语动词,在英语中,这样的动词并不多,在学****遇时,要牢记。后面的宾语为间接宾语和直接宾语,其中间接宾语在前,一般表人,直接宾语在后,一般表物。这类句型有三种情况。
第一种情况,间接宾语可以改为to引导的短语。
handed me a letter.
He handed a letter to me.
gave me her telephone number.
She gave her telephone number to me.
第二种情况,间接宾语可以改为for引导的短语。
sang us a folk song.
She sang a folk for us.
cooked us a delicious meal.
She cooked a delicious meal for us.
第三种情况,直接宾语可以由宾语从句充当。
him I'm out.
you inform me where Miss Green lives?
五、主语——动词——宾语——宾语补足语
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