Intro to sensors.pdf

Introduction to Sensors
• Types of Applications of Measurement
Instrumentation
• Generalized Configurations and
Functional Descriptions of Measuring
Instruments
Actuators & Sensors in Mechatronics: K. Craig
Introduction to Sensors 1
Types of Applications of
Measurement Instrumentation
• Monitoring of Processes and Operations
• Control of Processes and Operations
• Experimental Engineering Analysis
Actuators & Sensors in Mechatronics: K. Craig
Introduction to Sensors 2
• Monitoring of Processes and Operations
– Certain applications of measuring instruments may be
characterized as having essentially a monitoring function,
., thermometers, barometers, and water, gas, and electric
meters.
• Control of Processes and Operations
– An instrument can serve as ponent of a control
system. To control any variable in a feedback control
system, it is first necessary to measure it. A single control
system may require information from many measuring
instruments, ., industrial machine and process
controllers, aircraft control systems.
Actuators & Sensors in Mechatronics: K. Craig
Introduction to Sensors 3
Plant Disturbance Input
Plant
Flow of Energy
Manipulated Controlled
and/or Material
Input Variable
Control
Plant
Effector
Controlled
Variable
Sensor
Control
Director
Desired Value
of
Controlled Variable
Feedback Control System
Actuators & Sensors in Mechatronics: K. Craig
Introduction to Sensors 4
• Experimental Engineering Analysis
– In solving engineering problems, two general methods
are available: theoretical and experimental. Many
problems require the application of both methods and
theory and experiment should be thought of as
complimenting each other.
– Features of Theoretical Methods
• Often gives results that are of general use rather than for
restricted application.
• Invariably require the application of simplifying assumptions.
The theoreti