TheCrusades.ppt

The Crusades
Cherry

Class3,Grade2
200940210318
Introduction
The Crusades (1096-1291) were a series of religiously sanctioned military campaigns, waged by much of Roman Catholic Europe, particularly the Franks of France and the Holy Roman Empire. The specific crusades to restore Christian control of the Holy Land were fought over a period of nearly 200 years. The Crusades were fought mainly by Roman Catholic forces against Muslims who had occupied the near east since the time of the Rashidun Caliphate.
The Goal : recapturing Jerusalem and the Holy Land from Muslim rule
The Cause: a call from the Christian Byzantine Empire for help against the expansion of the Muslim Seljuk Turks into Anatolia
The Actual Purpose: waging aggressive war against Western Asia for religious,political,economic and social purpose
The Name: A crusader would, after pronouncing a solemn vow, receive a cross from the hands of the pope or his legates, and was thenceforth considered a "soldier of the Church".
Introduction
Historical context
Middle Eastern situation:
By the end of the 4th century, following the Roman Emperor Constantine's conversion to Christianity (313) and later the founding of the Byzantine Empire after the partition of the Roman Empire, the Holy Land had e a predominantly Christian region.
The Muslim presence in the Holy Land began with the initial Muslim conquest of Syria in the 7th century under the Rashidun Caliphs. The Muslim armies' esses put increasing pressure on the Eastern Orthodox Byzantine Empire which had originally claimed the region as their territory.
In 1039 Pilgrimages were allowed to the Holy Lands before and after the Sepulchre was rebuilt. The Muslims eventually realized that much of the wealth of Jerusalem came from the pilgrims; for this reason and others, the persecution of pilgrims eventually stopped. However, the damage was already done, and the violence of the Seljuk Turks became part of the concern that spread support for the Crusades