地球的圈层结构的一轮复习.pptx

摘要
本文在引介国内外学者对教材难度、语篇难度、作文难度度量等研究的基础上,针对当前语料难度研究中多数都是基于语篇难度的宏观度量,缺乏微观的诸如语篇的基本组成部分——句子难度度量的这一现状,展开了对句子难度度量的研究。并分析了影响句子理解的各项因素,讨论了其定量分析的可行性。
在此基础上,利用对外汉语教材、国内小学生教材及报刊语料等,制定了两套句子难度度量问卷,从字、词、语法三个层面上测定影响句子理解的各项因素。调查对象分别是厦门大学海外教育学院汉语水平为中级的留学生和国内某小学五年级的学生。通过问卷结果对比分析,发现成语和俗语是留学生和小学生这两个不同群体在句子理解方面的共同难点,但在人名、地名、补语等方面存在较大差异。此外,丙丁级词语数与句子的难度等级关系密切,一般情况下句中有两个以上的丙丁级词语则基本上可以判断其属于难理解的句子。最后,在以上分析基础上,草拟了一套适合计算机评测的句子难度度量公式,并利用该公式制作了一个句子难度度量软件,希望对句子难度度量的定量研究及自动评测提供参考。
本文最后陈述了论文的有待进一步完善之处和日后要深入的方向。
关键词:句子难度; 对比分析; 难度公式
Abstract
Based on the introduction of the domestic and foreign scholars’ research of teaching materials difficulty, texts difficulty, compositions difficulty and so on, this thesis, in view of the current difficulty research of language materials is mostly based on macroscopic measuring way and lacking research in microscopic way, such as sentences difficulty---a basic part of texts, discuss the factors which would produce an effect on sentences understanding and analyze the feasibility of quantitative analysis by the use of them.
By taking advantage of Chinese textbooks for foreigners, domestic primary school textbooks and corpora (language materials) of newspapers, two sets of questionnaires about assessment difficulty of sentences had been made by taking into account concerned factors related sentences understanding from three aspects, the character, the word phrase and the grammar. The objects of testing are students of Xiamen University Overseas Education Institute whose Chinese proficiency are at primary or intermediate level and some domestic elementary school students in grade five. By the contrast analysis of questionnaires’ results, finds that the idioms and the folk adages are mon difficulties between the two groups while the two have many differences in understanding people’s names, place names, complement and so on. Besides, the number of words on the third lever or the forth level has much relationship with the difficulty levels of sentences. Generall