知识汇总老师总结上课课稿《虚拟语气》.ppt

Subjunctive Mood
虚拟语气
Subjunctive Mood
语气:
用来表示说话人对某一行为所持的态度,是通过谓语动词的某种形式表达出来的。在英语中,谓语动词的语气分三种:
1) 陈述语气
表示说话人认为他说的话是客观事实,包括肯定、否定、询问及感叹等形式。
.
Flowers blossom in spring.
The yellow leaves are falling in the autumn wind.
How pretty the flowers are!
Subjunctive Mood
2)祈使语气
表示说话人对于对方的指示、劝告、请求、建议、命令、警告等。
.
请打开收音机。
Turn on the radio, please.
现在休息十分钟
Take a ten-minute break now.
Subjunctive Mood
3) 虚拟语气是说话人为表示一种假设的情况,一种主观的愿望,即认为动词所表示的动作或状态并非事实或仅是主观设想是所用的动词形式。
.
我多希望和你一块去了那儿
How I wish I had gone there with you!
我在想你能否让我用你的车。
I was wondering if you would let me use your car.
Subjunctive Mood
A. 虚拟语气在条件句中的运用
英语中的条件句一般有两种:真实条件句和非真实条件句,虚拟语气用在非真实条件中。非真实条件句包括虚拟条件句、推测条件句和错综时间条件句等。

虚拟条件句可分为两类:一类是叙述与现在事实相反的情况,一类是叙述与过去事实相反的情况。其构成列表如下
Subjunctive Mood
假设类型
条件从句谓语
主句谓语
与现在事实
一般过去时(be 全用were)
should
would +动词原形
could
might
与过去事实相反的假设
过去完成时(had +过去分词)
should
would + have+过去分词
could
might
1. 虚拟语气在带有条件的主从复合旬中的用法
Subjunctive Mood
假设类型
条件从句谓语
主句谓语
与将来事实相反的假设
should (或were to)+动词原形
should
would + 动词原形
could
might
Subjunctive Mood
1) 表示与现在事实相反的假设
.
假如他有时间,他就会来。
If he had time,he e.
假如没有引力,我们就不能行走。
If there were no gravity, we should not be able to walk.
Subjunctive Mood
2) 表示与过去事实相反的假设
如果我昨天不把它写下来,我是会忘记的。
If I had not written it down yesterday, I should have forgotten it.
假如你昨天早一点出发,就不至于误了早班火车。
If you had started earlier yesterday, you would not have missed the morning train.
Subjunctive Mood
3) 表示与将来事实可能相反的假设
你如果明天来的话,我或许会有时间见你。
If you were e tomorrow, I might have time to see you.
假如他明天到达成都,他就会出席这次会议。
If he should arrive in Chengdu tomorrow, he would attend the meeting.