1、英语句子成分和结构讲解.doc

句子成分:
一、主语(subject): 句子说明的人或事物。
主语的形式:名词,代词,the+形容词,the+分词,不定式,动名词,疑问句+不定式,For+名词或宾格的代词+不定式(for him to study mathematics),介词短语(from eight to tweleve),名词从句.
①The sun rises in the east. (名词做主语) ②He likes dancing. (代词)
③Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词) ④Seeing is believing. (动名词)
⑤To see is to believe. (不定式)⑥What he needs is a book. (主语从句)
⑦It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. (It形式主语,主语从句是真正主语)
二、谓语(predicate): 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。
谓语(predicate) 或谓语动词(predicate verb) 的位置一般在主语之后。谓语由简单动词或动词短语(助动词或情态动词+主要动词)构成。
。
(1). What happened? 发生了什么事? (2). He worked hard all day today. 他今天苦干了一天。
(3). The plane took off at ten o’clock. 飞机是十点起飞的。
。助动+实义,情态+实义
(1). I am reading. 我在看书。(2). What’s been keeping you all this time? 这半天你在干什么来着?
(3). You can do it if you try hard. 你努力就可以做到。
三、表语(predicative): 系动词之后的成分,表示主语的性质、状态和特征。
①He is a teacher. (名词做表语)②Seventy-four! You don’t look it. (代词)
③Five and five is ten. (数词) ④He is asleep. (形容词)
⑤His father is in.(副词做表语) ⑥The picture is on the wall. (介词短语)
⑦My watch is gone / missing / lost. (形容词化的分词)⑧To see is to believe.(不定式)
⑨The question is whether they e. (表语从句)
(常见的系动词有: be, sound(听起来), look(看起来), feel(摸起来,smell(闻起来), taste(尝、吃起来), remain(保持,仍是), feel(感觉) ...
① It sounds a good idea. ⑤The sound sounds strange.
②Her voice sounds sweet. ⑥Tom looks thin.
③The food sme