Language Learning Strategies.ppt

Language Learning Strategies
王立非
philipw@
Outline:
Definitions
Controversial
Classifications
Why bother about learning strategy?What is learning Strategy?
Changes in paradigm:Teacher/teaching-centeredto Learner/learning-centered
Stern (1983):
Strategy is general tendencies or overall characteristics of the approach employed by the language learner, leaving techniques to refer to particular forms of observable learning behavior.
Winstein (1986):
Learning strategies are the behaviors and thoughts that a learner engages in during learning that are intended to influence the learner’s encoding process.
Chamot (1987):
Learning strategies are techniques, approaches or deliberate actions that students take in order to facilitate the learning, recall of both linguistic and content area information.
Rubin (1987):
Learning strategies are strategies which contribute to the development of the language system which the learner constructs and affect learning directly.
Oxford (1990):
Language learning strategies are behaviors or actions which learners use to make language learning more essful, self-directed and enjoyable.
Cohen (2006):
Learners’ conscious and semi-conscious thoughts and behaviors, to improve the knowledge and understanding of L2, as well as strategies for using the language that has been learned or for getting around gaps in language proficiency.