内科护理学课件 英语 考试资料Coronary+Artery+Disease(1).ppt

Coronary Artery Disease 冠状动脉疾病
Coronary Artery Disease
Atherosclerosis动脉粥样硬化is often referred to as “hardening of the arteries”. Although this condition can occur in any artery in the body, the atheromas血管硬化(fatty deposits) have a preference for the coronary arteries.
Ateriosclerotic Heart Disease (ASHD)动脉粥样硬化性心脏病, Cardiovascular Heart Disease (CHD)心血管心脏病, and Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)冠状动脉疾病are synonymous terms used to describe this disease process.
Etiology and pathophysiology病因和病理生理
Atherosclerosis动脉粥样硬化is the major cause of CAD.
It is characterized by a focal deposit of cholesterol胆固醇and lipids血脂, primarily within the intimal wall of the artery.
The concept of endothelial injury内皮损伤is central to current theories of atherogensis.
The genesis of plague斑块 formation is the result plex interactions between ponents of the blood and the elements forming the vascular wall.
Etiology and pathophysiology病因和病理生理
Development stages 发展过程
CAD takes many years to develops. When it es symptomatic, the disease process is usually well advanced.
The states of development in atherosclerosis are:
Fatty streak脂肪条纹
Raised fibrous plaque resulting from smooth muscle cell plicated lesion复杂病变
Risk factors风险因素
Three most significant risks are: elevated serum lipids血脂, hypertension and cigarette smoking.
Risk factors can be categorized as unmodifiable and modifiable
Unmodifiable factors:
Age, gender and race
Family history and heredity
Modifiable major risk factors
Elevated serum lipids血脂
Hypertension
Smoking
Physical inactivity
Modifiable minor risk factors
Obesity
Diabetes mellitus糖尿病
Stress and behavior patterns