冠词及其考点..ppt

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冠词
中考语法
冠词概述
冠词用在名词前帮助说明名词所指的人或物。
分为不定冠词(a, an )和定冠词(the) 。
考点分布
(1)不定冠词(a/an)的用法
(2)定冠词(the)的用法
(3)不用冠词(零冠词)的情况
考点梳理
考点一不定冠词a/an的用法
1、a (an)用于可数名词的单数形式前,指人或事物的某一种类。如:
A steel worker makes steel.
钢铁工人炼钢。(这里 a steel worker是指钢铁工人们)
注意:表示一类人有三种方式。
试比较:自行车比汽车慢。
The bike is slower than the car.
= A bike is slower than a car.
= Bikes are slower than cars.
2、指某人或某物,但不具体说明何人或何物。如:
A boy is waiting for you. 有个男孩子在等你。
考点梳理
3、a和an均用于单数可数名词之前,表示一类人或事物中的“任何”一个,相当于汉语中的“一”,但不用于强调数目的概念(也就是说数的概念没有one 强烈)。如:
We are going to have an English lesson tomorrow.
I have a mouth , a nose, two eyes and two ears.
4、使用不定冠词表示单位。如:
fifty miles an hour 每小时50公里
twice a week 每周两次
5、表示生什么病前应用a。如:
have a headache, have a cold等。
考点梳理
6、give, take, have与一些动词名词化的词连用,表示一次动作,名词前要加a。如:
have a talk /bath/ look , make a living /promise)
take a swim /walk, rest), give a talk / smile
7、抽象名词和物质名词的具体化时,该名词前要加a。如:
It is a great joy to study at this college.
This kind of wood can make into a good paper.
He made a living by selling newspaper.
8、用于某些固定的词组中。如:
a bit(of), a cup of, a few, a little, a lot of,a number of, a piece of, a pair of等。
考点梳理
【考点精练】
( ) 1. —Why not take ______ friend with you?
—That’s ______ good idea.
A. a; a B. the;the C. a; the D. the;a
( ) 2. Jack’s father is ________ doctor.
A. a B. an C. some D. /
( ) 3. Take the medicine three times_____ day.
A. a B. the C. an D. /
( ) 4. Tom has _______ high fever and his mother is looking after him.
A. a B. the C. an D./
( ) 5. Mary takes ________ walk after supper every day.
A. the B. a C./ D. one
( ) 6. The old woman had ___ fire in her room.
A. the B./ C. a D. this
A
B
C
A
A
A
考点梳理
考点二不定冠词a/an的区别
在名词前使用a或an要取决于该名词的读音。如果首字母的读音是元音因素,应用an;如果首字母的读音是辅音音素,应用a。
注意:a, e, i, o, u五个元音字母处于词首时,未必都是元音音素,u发音是[ju:]或[ju]时前面用冠词a,u读[Λ]时前面加冠词an。中考中常见前面用冠词an的有:
A a
an apple, an artist, an American boy, an Asian country, an aunt
E e
a European country, an egg, an eight-month baby, an 11-year-old boy
I i
a