《论语》动词研究-汉语言文字学专业毕业论文.docx

《迨亟》挪究
学科专业;汉语言文字学 研究方向:古汉语教学与研究
指导教师:李茂康 研究生:钟发远(2000130)
内容摘要
本文主要从语法、语义两个方面对《蛆》动j蚕瞄行考察,并探讨汉语动词以先秦为
起点的某些演变特点。论文主要由四部分构成:
一、《论语》动词概况。<论语》共有动词498个,其中,单音动词468个,达94%, 占绝对优势。复音动词30个,仅占6%。
二、《论语》动词语法研究。主要包括四个方面:动词语法分类,动词作句子成分情况,几种特殊动词结构,复音动词结构。/《论语》动词的语法类型已经较全,但某些能愿动词和特殊动词尚未分别从基本动词和普通动词中独立出来。《论语》动词主要作句子的谓语,还作主语、宾语、定语、状语。动词作补语未见用例。特殊动词结构主要指连动结构、兼语结构、双宾结构。《论语》连动结构的类别和内部结构较为复杂;兼语结构类型较为单一,特别是第一个动词,主要是表使令的“使”:带双宾的动词数量不太多,且没有与双宾结构同义的单宾结构。复音动词仅有合成词,未发现单纯词。户‘,
三、《论语》动词语义研究。包括语义分类、义项分布、本义及其引申方式、同义词、反义词等。/《论语》动词语义涉及面广,包罗万象。‘论语》单义单音动词占全部单音动词的七成左右,多义单音动词以二、三个义项为主。‘论语》动词使用本义的单音动词占全部单音动词的一半以上,说明<论语》动词更多地保留了古义,这是对前代的继承,也是后代发展的基础。《论语》动词同义词和反义词都非常丰富,同义关系和反义关系较为复
杂。?)/一,
四、《论语》和《基型麴》的几点比较。通过两书的动词构成、义项、同义词反义
词的比较,我们可以窥见从先秦到汉代汉语动词相承与发展的一些痕迹。
总之,《论语》一书的动词数量丰富,用法灵活,为我们研究先秦词汇提供了较好的
材料。
STUDY ON VERBS IN￡“以Yu
Specialty:Chinese
Field Teaching and research ofAncient Chin%e Supervisor:Li Mao—kang
Author:Zhong Fa—yuan
ABSTRACT
This paper mainly studies the verbs in LunYu based on the grammar and semantic and explores some developing characteristics of verbs which start from Pre·Qin Dynasty,This paper consists offour parts:
Firstly,the general situations of the verbs in are 498 verbs in LunYu The 468 monosyballic verbs make up 94 per cent of all verbs and have absolute predominance The 30 polysybalhc verbs just make up 6 per cent of all verbs
Secondly,the research of the grammar of the verbs in includes four parts:grammatical category of the verbs,the situation of verbs serving as sentence elements,a few special positions,the structures of polysyballic have been chief grammatical classifications of verbs in LunYu but some modal verbs and special verbs haven’t
been independent from basic mon verbs in LunYu mainly act as predicate of
the sentences and they can also serve as subject,object,attribute,adverbial ofthe sentences The sentences in which verbs act plement can’t be found in LunYu The special positions are made up of verb—posit