《论语》语言思想探究-语文课程与教学论专业毕业论文.docx

摘 要
先秦时代在中国文化的发展史上具有重要意义。在这一时期,孔子开创儒家学派,中国的传统学术思想得以初步确立。《论语》是儒家的一部典范之作,主要记载了孔子及儒门弟子的言行,对后世产生了深远的影响。《论语》内容极为丰富,探讨了古代政治、经济、历史、哲学、教育、文化、宗教、艺术等多个方面的状况,阐述了学****教育、修身、处世、治国等社会命题,其中也蕴含着丰富的语言思想。近年来,随着国学热的兴起,对于《论语》语言思想的研究逐渐引起国内学者的关注,但尚未形成系统,需要作进一步的探究。
语言能够直接反映人的思想,思想也在语言的表述中进一步升华。《论语》中的语言思想主要可分为语言功能思想、言语行为态度思想、语言表达思想、语言规范思想和言语交际思想五个方面。在语言功能方面,孔子认为语言的完备关系到国家的安定和个人修养的形成;在言语行为态度方面,孔子提倡出言要谨慎谦恭、思忠好信,以拙言自律自戒,同时反对巧言佞言,倡导自省体悟,要求保持中庸的态度;在语言表达方面,孔子提出言辞通达的总要求,并力求使语言合于“礼”的要求,做到文质兼修;在语言规范方面,孔子推崇运用雅言,并首次提出了以“正名”来规范言行的主张;在言语交际方面,孔子特别强调分析交际对象、注意交际环境以及把握交谈时机。
通过对上述五个方面详细论述,本文对《论语》中所蕴含的语言思想的特点进行了深入的分析,并对其形成的历史文化背景进行了探究。认为《论语》中的语言思想是一是以语言实践为中心,表现出实用主义的色彩;二是带有浓厚的政治伦理色彩。孔子提出的许多语言理论在今天仍具有极大的价值,我们应该辩证地看待《论语》中的语言思想,对其进行深入探究,以求加深对于我国古代语言学的认识和理解,并为现代语言学的发展进步提供借鉴。
关键词:《论语》,孔子,语言,思想
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ABSTRACT
The Pre Qin Dynasty has great significance on the development of Chinese culture. During this period, Confucius founds the Confucian school, leading Chinese traditional academic to be preliminarily established. The Analects of Confucius is known as a famous Confucian classic, which mainly records words and deeds of the Confucius as well as his disciples. It has a far-reaching impact on the future generations. The content of The Analects of Confucius is extremely broad, involving ancient politics, economy, history, philosophy, education, culture, religion, art and other aspects. It explores many important social issues of human life, such as leaning and educating, advocating ethics and morality, living in the society and governing the country. The classic also contains rich thoughts of language. In recent years, the research on the thoughts of language in The Analects of Confucius has attracted attention of domestic scholars gradually with the rise of Confucianism Fever. The system of this research has not yet been formed and further study is required.
Language can be a direct reflection of human mind. Conversely, our mind can be further distilled through language expression. The thoughts of language in The