《骆驼祥子》中水平方位的空间参照框架理论解读-外国语言学及应用语言学专业毕业论文.docx

摘 要
空间问题是认知科学是基本研究问题之一, 对其进行研究的一个基本方法是借助参照框架,表现在语言中就是对语言参照框架的研究。莱文森在水平方向上区分了三种语言参照框架:内在参照框架,相对参照框架和绝对参照框架。他指出所有的语言都使用且仅使用这三种参照框架,有些语言以一种参照框架为主, 有些以其中两种为主,而有的则三种都用。本文对《骆驼祥子》中水平方位词所指示的方位参照框架做了穷尽性分析,旨在揭示莱文森的理论对于汉语是否完全适用,中国北方方位确定是否有自己的特点。研究结果显示莱文森的三种参照框架在《骆驼祥子》中有广泛的应用,其中内在参照框架应用最多,绝对参照框架紧随其后,相对参照框架应用最少。事实上,北京人应用范围参照框架确定方位的****惯在中国北方都较普遍。本文所做出的解释是:首先,内在参照框架只有两个要素,逻辑结构较简单,所以与具有三个要素的相对参照框架相比更容易被掌握。它接近于语言学的基石,普遍存在。其次,多例绝对参照框架的使用源于老北京城的“回”字型城市布局,这种整洁的城市布局,加上绝对参照框架简单的逻辑结构,为方位的确认提供了较有利的条件。第三,应用最少的相对方位参照框架有三个构成要素,逻辑结构非常复杂,因此,在所有语料中仅有出现 18 例。
关键词:参照框架,内在,相对,绝对,方位词
ABSTRACT
Space study is one of the most basic issues in cognitive science. One cognitive approach towards space is through the employment of frames of reference, which are the linguistic frames of reference when they are represented in language. Levinson has distinguished three frames of reference on the horizontal level—the intrinsic, the relative and the absolute frame of reference. He has argued that all languages use these three frames of reference with some predominantly using one only, some using two, and some others using all the three. Through an exhaustive study of cases of frames of reference marked by locative words on horizontal level in Camel Xiangzi, the writer tends to test whether Levinson’s theory of frames of reference are applicable to Chinese and if there are any characteristics of space specifications in north China. It has been revealed that the three frames of reference are used widely in spatial specification in Camel Xiangzi, with the intrinsic frame of reference being used most frequently, followed closely by the use of absolute frame of reference, and with the relative frame of reference being employed the least rarely. As a matter of fact, the navigation habits of Beijing residents utilizing frames of reference are prevalent in north China. The research findings have been explained as follows: first, the intrinsic frame of reference is logically simple with only two arguments and is easier