《吕氏春秋》词类活用分析-汉语言文字学专业毕业论文.docx

《吕氏春秋》词类活用研究
中文摘要
自陈承泽首创“词类活用“说至今,这一理论经历了长期的发展,而语法学界对于这一理论的认识也是众说纷纭。春秋战国时期社会正处于政治与文化各方面的大变革阶段,这种变革在语言方面也有极为生动的体现,其中“词类活用”现象就非常丰富。《吕氏春秋》一书写成于公元前 239 年,当时社会正处于百花齐放、百家争鸣的春秋战国时期,故该著作对这一时期的“词类活用”现象研究具有很高的语料价值。
对于“词类活用”这一理论,目前的语法学界基本存在三种观点:一部分学者认为“词类活用”理论虽然有一定的不足之处,但它在便利教学方面功不可没,因此可以继续坚持;以郭锡良、李佐丰、向熹、杨剑桥等先生为代表的语法学家则认为以往的“词类活用”理论存在着很大的缺陷,需要重新规范;还有一些语法学家全面否定了以往的“词类活用”理论,认为其没有存在的价值。
本文赞成郭锡良的观点,主要采用词频统计的方法对《吕氏春秋》一书中出现的名
词、动词、形容词的“词类活用”情况进行考察分析,讨论《吕氏春秋》中主要词类的活用规律,为这一时期的“词类活用”研究提供语料依据。
本文共分为六章,第一章为绪论,主要阐述选题意义、研究现状、研究方法;第二章论述与“词类活用”研究相关的问题,主要包括“词类活用”的定义、“词类活用“与”词的兼类“的区分、“词类活用”的类型等问题;第三章论述名词的词类活用规律,主要从名词词类活用的类型、名词活用作动词后的语义变化、名词活用作动词的条件等角度对《吕氏春秋》中名词的词类活用规律进行探讨;第四章论述动词的词类活用规律, 主要从动词词类活用的类型、动词活用作名词后的语义变化等角度对《吕氏春秋》中动词的词类活用规律进行探讨;第五章论述的是形容词的词类活用规律,主要从形容词词类活用的类型、形容词活用作动词的条件等角度对《吕氏春秋》中形容词的词类活用规律进行探讨;第六章是结论部分,对比分析了《吕氏春秋》中名词、动词、形容词词类活用情况的差异,总结其中的活用规律。
关键词:吕氏春秋;词类活用;名词;动词;形容词
分类号:H141
On the Flexible Usage of Parts of Speech in Lü’mentaries of History
Abstract
The theory of “the flexible usage of parts of speech”, on which there’re still many disagreements among scholars, has been greatly developed since it was created by Chen Chengze. During Spring and Autumn Period the society is in the revolutionary stage both in political and cultural aspects. At the same time, rich of the phenomenon of “the flexible usage of parts of speech”, the language at that time can also be served as an ü'mentaries of History is considered to have the important academic value as the language material for the study of the theory of “the flexible usage of parts of speech”at that period since it was written in 239 ., when a hundred shools of thoughts and culture were splendid.
On the theory, there’re generally three viewpoints among current grammarians: some insist that the theory, even though defective, should be adopted in view of its vital role in grammar teaching; other scholars, such as Guo Xiliang, Li Zuofeng, Xiang Xi and Yang Jianqiao, hold the view that the theory should be amended