结构分割与求职行为——对上海失业人员的实证研究.docx

摘 要
作为一种任何政治经济体和社会都存在的现象,结构分割在市场转型背景下的中国社会既表现为处于再分配体系和市场体系单位或部门之间在资源和机会分布上的差异,又表现为在这两个体系内部不同部门或者机构之间的资源和机会的不平衡。本文以一个关于上海失业人员的求职经历的抽样调查资料为基础,考察和分析了分割的不同单位或者部门对于失业人员的求职过程、求职结果以及在市场转型过程中的求职状况变迁的影响。本文发现,在再分配体制向市场体制的转型过程中,以为单位为分割标准的结构分割效应仍然很明显。结构分割不仅影响着求职手段的具体运用,影响着职位的获得、新获工作的质量以及新获得工作的单位或者部门,而且结构分割效应的变化也影响求职状况的变迁。
关键词: 结构分割求职行为失业人员市场转型
Abstract
As a universal phenomena in plex societies and across political economies, structural segmentation in a changing Chinese society represents the differences in resources and opportunity distribution among differential“danweis”(work units)or sectors in two differential economic system,the previous redistributive system and the
new market system,and the imbalances in“danweis’’or sectors in one economic system as the basis ofa representative sample ofthe unemployed in Shanghai,
the paper tries to analyze how different segmented。。danweis”or sectors influence the
process and the consequence of job—searching of the unemployed,and how different segmented“danweis”or sectors influence the change of job—searching of the to the paper,under the background of market transition,the
effect of structural segmentation with‘‘danwei’’system as the criteria in delineating segments is still structural segmentation not only determines the choosing of specific ways ofjob—searching,the probability of obtaining of a job,the qualities ofa new obtained job,but also defines the types ofthe‘"danwei”or sector of a new obtained ,the change of structural segmentation also plays a role in the change ofjob searching.
Key Word:
Structural Segmentation,Job—searching,the Unemployed,Market Transition
引 言

对于求职过程和求职结果的研究和探讨一直吸引着许多学者和研究人员的研究兴趣。在学术上,无论经济学家还是社会学家都已经在这一研究主题上有着非常丰富和卓有成效的研究成果(Tilly&Tilly,1994;边燕杰,1999;Kalleberg
&Sorensen,1979;Granovetter,1992;桑普斯福特和桑那拖斯,1999)。这种
研究兴趣一方面来自于“找工作”对于求职者个人的重要——在现代社会,“饭碗”的获得已经成为个人“安身立命”的根本前提;而另一方面也更起源于,对“求职”这一“日常生活事件”的关注和体会已经成为人们了解社会现实、探索社会结构及其变迁和社会