高一英语情态动词专题训练及答案.doc

高一英语情态动词专题训练
概说
助动词(auxiliary)主要有两类:基本助动词(primary auxiliary)和情态助动词(modal auxiliary)。基本助动词有三个:do, have和be;情态助动词有十三个:may, might; can, could; will, would; shall, should; must, need, dare, used to, ought to. 上述两类助动词的共同特征是,在协助主动词构成限定动词词组时,具有作用词的功能:
构成否定式:
He didn’t go and neither did she.
The meeting might not start until 5 o’clock.
构成疑问式或附加疑问式:
Must you leave right now?
You have been learning French for 5 years, haven’t you?
构成修辞倒装:
Nowhere can he obtain any information about his sister.
Hardly had he arrived when she plaining.
代替限定动词词组:
A: Who can solve this crossword puzzle?
B: Tom can.
A: Shall I write to him?
B: Yes, do.
情态助动词的特征
基本助动词与情态助动词最主要的区别之一是,基本助动词本身没有词义,而情态助动词则有自己的词义,能表示说话人对有关动作或状态的看法,或表示主观设想:
What have you been doing since? (构成完成进行体,本身无词义)
I am afraid I must be going. (一定要)
You may have read some account of the matter. (或许已经)
除此之外,情态助动词还有如下词法和句法特征:
除ought和used以外,其他情态动词后面只能接不带to的不定式。如果我们把ought to和used to看做是固定词组的话,那么,所有情态动词无一例外地只能接不带to的不定式:
We used to grow beautiful roses.
I asked if he e and repair my television set.
情态助动词在限定动词词组总总是位居第一:
They need not have been punished so severely.
情态助动词用于第三人称单数现在时的时候,没有词形变化,即其词尾无-s形式:
She dare not say what she thinks.
情态动词没有非限定形式,即没有不定式、-ing分词和-ed分词形式:
Still, she needn’t have run away.
情态助动词的“时”的形式并不是时间区别的主要标志。在不少场合,情态助动词的现在时和过去时形式都可以表示现在、过去或将来时间:
Would you mind very much if I ask you to do something?
She told him he ought not to have done it.
情态助动词之间是相互排斥的,即在一个限定动词词组中只能出现一个情态助动词,但有时却可以与have和be基本助动词连用:
You should have washed the wound.
Well, you shouldn’t be reading a novel.
现将情态助动词的各种形式列表如下:
肯定式
否定式
简略否定式
may
might
may not
might not
mayn’t
mightn’t
can
could
can not, cannot
could not
can’t
couldn’t
will, ’ll
would, ’d
will not, ’ll not
would not, ’d not
won’t
wouldn’t
shall
should
shall not
should not
shan’t
shouldn’t
must
must not
mustn’t
need
need not
needn’t
dare
dare not
daren’t
used to
used not to
didn’t use(d) to
usedn’t to
ought to
ou