高三一轮复习之介词---教师版.doc

高三一轮复****之介词讲解
◆介词和介词短语的考查要点
介词是虚词, 不能单独作句子成分, 必须与名词、代词(或相当于名词的其他词类、短语或从句等)构成介词短语, 在句中充当一个成分。介词分为:简单介词, 如at, in, for等; 合成介词, 如within, inside, onto, throughout等; 短语介词, ording to, out of, because of, by means of, in spite of, instead of等; 双重介词, 如from behind/above/under, until after等; 分词介词, 如considering, including, judging (from/by) 等。

(1)“动词+介词”搭配:注意特定搭配与同一介词与多个动词搭配意义不同的情况。
①rob sth./clear the road of snow(表示“夺去、除去”意义的动词与of 连用)
②supply us with food/fill the glass with wine(表示“供给”意义的动词与with连用)
③make a desk of wood/make bread from flour/make the material into a coat(表示“制作、制造”意义的动词与of, from, into连用)
④介词+the+部位与动词的关系(=动词+sb.’ s+部位, 可换用)
strike him on the head(表示“击; 拍; 碰; 摸”意义的动词与on连用)
catch him by the arm(表示“抓; 拉; 拿; 扯”意义的动词与by连用)
hit the boy in the face(表示“肚; 胸; 眼; 脸”等人体前部的器官名词与in连用)
⑤prevent(stop, keep) doing sth.(表示“阻止, 禁止”意义的动词与from连用)
⑥persuade(advise, warn) doing sth.(表示“说服; 建议; 警告”意义的动词与into连用)
⑦buy(leave, get, win, gain, lose) sb.(表示“得失”意义的动词与for连用)
⑧tell(show, teach, sing, write, read) sb.(表示“告知”意义的动词与to连用)
⑨give(allow, promise, pass, hand) sb.(表示“授予”意义的动词与to连用)
注意:⑦⑧⑨可换成buy ., tell ., give 。
⑩say to sb.(suggest, explain, apologize, murmur, whisper等与“对象”连用必须用to)不可说suggest .。
(2)同一介词与不同动词搭配, 意义各异。
reply to the letter回信, sing(dance) to the music和……唱(跳), amount to 达到, 加起来有……, devote t