第十三讲 被动语态的翻译.ppt

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教学内容
1、英语中常用被动语态的情况
2、汉语中被动意义的表现方式
3、英语被动语态的翻译
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When the crude oil is obtained from the field, it is taken to the refineries to be treated. monest form of treatment is heating. When the oil is heated, the first vapors to rise are cooled and e the finest petrol. Petrol has a low boiling point; if a little is poured into the hand, it soon vaporizes. Gas es off the oil later is condensed into paraffin. Last of all the lubricating oils of various grades are produced. What remains is heavy oil that is used as fuel.
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When the crude oil is obtained from the field, it is taken to the refineries to be treated. monest form of treatment is heating. When the oil is heated, the first vapors to rise are cooled and e the finest petrol. Petrol has a low boiling point; if a little is poured into the hand, it soon vaporizes. Gas es off the oil later is condensed into paraffin. Last of all the lubricating oils of various grades are produced. What remains is heavy oil that is used as fuel.
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一、被动语态在英语中的运用
被动语态的广泛使用是英语区别于汉语的一大特点。这一特点在科技英语语体中反映得尤为突出。这不仅是因为被动结构比主动结构更少主观色彩,结构更简单,还因为有不必、不愿或无从说出施动者等情况的存在。
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1、不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。例如:
Such books are written for children.
We haven’t been told about it.
The English evening has been put off till Saturday.
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2、出于礼貌措辞等方面考虑不愿说出动作的执行者是谁。例如:
You are requested to give a performance.
It is generally considered not advisable to act that way.
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3、无从说出施动者是谁。例如:
You’re wanted on the phone.
The problem is being studied.
Rice is chiefly grown in the south.
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4、为了便于上下衔接。例如:
He appeared on the stage and was warmly applauded by the audience.
Jack fought John in the men’s singles last night and was beaten.
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5、为了突出谈话的中心。例如:
The song posed by a French musician.
The program was designed by ourselves.
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二、汉语被动意义的表达方式
用词汇的手段来表现被动意义
例如:
1、“为”字结构“茅屋为秋风所破”
2、“被”字式——不幸语态“被捕”, “被剥削”,“被压迫”,“被杀”
3、“让”、”给”、”叫”、“挨”、“受”、“遭”、“蒙”
庄稼让大水冲跑了。
The crops were washed away by the flood.
叫你猜对了
You’ve guessed right.