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大学计算机基础英语教学 (4).pptx


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Chapter 2 Operating System
Introduction
An operating system (OS) is system software that puter hardware and software resources and mon services puter programs. Also, OS is a program which presents as an intermediate between users and puter hardware. It provides a user-friendly environment in which a user may easily develop and execute programs.
operating system
The OS manages these resources and allocates them to specific programs and users.
With the management of the OS, a programmer is rid of difficult hardware considerations.
An OS provides services for
Processor Management
Memory Management
File Management
Device Management
Concurrency Control
operating system
Another aspect for the usage of OS is that; it is used as a predefined library for hardware-software interaction.
This is why, system programs apply to the installed OS since they cannot reach hardware directly.
Operating System Classification
Since operating system involve puter field, massive types of OS have been used in different way. Users define OS catalog as different contents.
Base on their work
Single- and multi-tasking
Single- and multi-user
Base on their usage
puting
Mainframes
Servers
Desktop
Workstations
Handheld
Real time operating systems
Embedded systems
Smart Card Operating Systems
Specialized Operating systems
Historical Operation Systems
MS-DOS (Microsoft Disk Operating System)
Originally developed by Microsoft for IBM, MS-DOS was the standard operating system for patible puters.
Windows Series
UNIX
UNIX has evolved as a kind of large freeware product, with many extensions and new ideas provided in a variety of versions of UNIX by panies, universities, and individuals.
UNIX operating systems are used in widely-sold workstation products from Sun Microsystems, Silicon Graphics, IBM, and a number of panies.
Linux
Linux (often pronounced LIH-nuhks with a short "i") is a Unix-like operating system that was designed to provide puter users a free or very low-cost operatin

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