航天医学基础--introductiontospacelifesciences.ppt

Introduction to Space Life Sciences
Gilles Clément,
CNRS
"Cerveau et Cognition" Laboratory
Toulouse, France
Kluwer Academic Publishers • Copyright © 2003 • All rights reserved
Fundamentals of Space Medicine — Chapter 1
Key Concepts
Space Life Sciences: What is it ? Where we are
The historical context of human spaceflight How we got there
The importance of continuing research before long-duration exploration missions can be safely undertaken Where do we go from here
Space Life Sciences—What is it
Life Sciences are specifically devoted to the working of the living world (from bacteria and plants to humans)
On Earth, all anisms have developed as a result of constant exposure to 1-g gravity
Space Life Sciences open a door to understanding ourselves, our evolution, the working of our world without the constraining barrier of gravity
Beside microgravity, during space flight anisms are also affected by ionizing radiation, isolation, confinement, changes in circadian rhythms (24-hr day/night cycle), etc.
Objectives of space life sciences:
Enhance fundamental knowledge in cell biology and human physiology
Protect the health of astronauts
Develop advanced technology and applications for space and ground-based research
Justification for Human Spaceflight
Robotics versus Human crews = Apples versus Oranges
Human Pros: intelligent operators, efficient end-effectors
Human Cons: expensive, complexity of habitable environment
Human spaceflight critics often discount the value of Life Sciences on the “Discovery Ledger (Big Book)”— often due to following fundamentals differences:
Physical Sciences: more concrete discoveries in relatively unexplored sphere
Life Sciences: an inherently inexact science; context of background physiological variability; requirement for repeated measurements
Photo NASA
Space Medicine versus Space Physiology
Space Medicine
To solve medical problems encountered in spaceflight
Includes some adaptive changes (., space motion sickness), e