08-09年度高一英语（上）必修1、2期末复习资料包定语从句.doc

定语从句
定义
I. 定语从句起形容词的作用,在句中修饰一个名词或代词。被修饰的词叫做先行词,引导定语从句的词叫关系词,他的作用一是放在先行词与定语从句中间起了连接作用,二是在从句中担当一个成分,并与先行词保持数的一致。
关系词
先行词
从句
成分
例句
备注
关系代词
who
人
主语
Do you know the man who is talking with your mother?
whom, which和that在从句中做宾语时,常可以省略,但介词提前时后面关系代词不能省略,也不可以用that
whom
人
宾语
Mr. Smith is the person with whom I am working
The boy (whom) she loved died in the war..
whose
人,物
定语
I like those books whose topics are about history.
The boy whose father works abroad is my desk mate.
that
人,物
主语
宾语
A plane is a machine that can fly.
She is the pop star (that) I want to see very much.
which
物
主语
宾语
The book (which) I gave you was worth $10.
The picture which was about the accident was terrible.
as
人,物
主语
宾语
He is such a person as is respected by all of us.
This is the same pen as I lost yesterday.
as做宾语一般不省略
关系副词
when
时间
时间
状语
I will never forget the day when we met there.
可用on which
where
地点
地点
状语
This is the house where I was born.
可用in which
why
原因
原因
状语
I can’t imagine the reason why he turned down my offer.
可用for which
Ⅱ. as与which的区别:
定语
从句
区别
例句
限制性定语从句中
名词前有such和the same修饰时,关系代词用as,不能用which
He is not such a fool as he looks.
Don’t read such books as you can’t understand.
非限制性定语从句中
as和which都可以指代前面整个主句。如果有“正如,象”的含义,并可以放在主句前,也可以放在后面,那么用as;而which引导的从句只能放主句后,并无“正如”的意思。
They won the game, as we had expected.
They won the game, which we hadn’t expected.
As is well known, he is a famous film star in the 1980s.
Ⅲ. 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别:
类别
语法意义及特征
例句
限制性定语从句
对先行词起修饰限制作用,如果去掉,主句意思就不完整明确,这种从句与主句的关系十分密切,写时不用逗号分开。
The accident happened at the time when I left.
非限制性定语从句
对先行词作附加的说明,与主句的关系不十分密切,较松散。从句和主句之间用逗号分开,相当于一个插入语,不能用that引导,关系代词做宾语时也不能省略。
His mother, whom he loved deeply, died ten years ago.
一、考点聚焦
1、功能:相当于形容词,修饰名词或代词,在句中作定语
2、位置:定语从句置于被修饰词之后
Those who are willing to attend the party, sign here please.
3、先行词:被定语从句修饰的词称为先行词
(1)先行词一般是名词和不定代词,如:some-, any-, every-和no与-boy, -thing的合成词;或all、none、any、