管理会计.ppt

管理会计443598Chapter Four
Systems Design:Process Costing
Similarities Between Job-Order and Process Costing
Both systems assign material, labor and overhead costs to products as a way to calculate the unit product cost.
Both systems use the same manufacturing accounts, including Manufacturing Overhead, Raw Materials, Work in Process, and Finished Goods.
The flow of costs through the manufacturing accounts is basically the same in both systems.
Differences Between Job-Order and Process Costing
Process costing is used when a single product is produced on a continuing basis or for a long period of time. Job-order costing is used when many different jobs are worked on each period.
Process costing systems accumulate costs by department. Job-order costing systems accumulate costs by individual jobs.
Process costing pute unit costs by department. Job-order costing pute unit costs by job on the job cost sheet.
Process costing is used for products that are:
a. Different and produced continuously.
b. Similar and produced continuously.
c. Individual units produced to customer specifications.
d. Purchased from vendors.
Quick Check 
Processing Departments
Any unit in anization where materials, labor or overhead are added to the product.
The activities performed in a processingdepartment are performed uniformly on allunits of production. Furthermore, the output ofa processing department must behomogeneous.
Production Process of Coca-cola
Learning Objective 1
Record the flow of materials, labor, and overhead through a process cost system.
Comparing Job-Orderand Process Costing
FinishedGoods
Cost of GoodsSold
Work inProcess
Direct Materials
Direct Labor
ManufacturingOverhead
Comparing Job-Orderand Process Costing
FinishedGoods
Cost of GoodsSold
Direct Labor
ManufacturingOverhead
Jobs
Costs are traced andapplied to individualjobs in a job-ordercost system.
Direct Materials
Comparing Job-Orderand Process Costing
FinishedGoods
Cost of Goods