挪威水电开发与生态环境保护的经验与启示郑志伟张志永周刚炎万.doc

挪威水电开发与生态环境保护的经验与启示
郑志伟张志永周刚炎万成炎
(水利部中国科学院水工程生态研究所,湖北武汉 430079)
摘要:挪威水电开发历史悠久,在长期的发展过程中,积累了丰富的水电开发技术和管理经验,形成了成熟完善的管理制度和法律体系,保障了水电开发科学有序进行。为减缓水电开发对生态环境的不利影响,挪威通过设定严格的环境影响评价和许可论证制度,建立环境保护基金,规定最小河流流量等措施维护河流生态健康,促进了水资源的可持续发展。挪威以本国廉价的水电资源开发促进了高耗能工业的发展,获得了强有力的国际市场竞争能力,为国内经济发展奠定了稳定基础。本文总结了挪威水电开发过程中生态环境保护方面所取得的经验,以期对我国水电的建设和发展提供借鉴和参考。
关键词:挪威;水电开发;生态环境保护;启示
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Experience and Revelation of Hydropower Development and Eco-environment Protection in Norway
ZHENG Zhi-wei ZHANG Zhi-yong ZHOU Gang-yan WAN Cheng-yan
(Institute of Hydroecology, Ministry of Water Resources and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430079, China)
Abstract: Hydropower development in Norway has a long history, rich experiences about techonolgy and management in hydropower has been accumulated, managing and legal system e more and more perfect, which ensure the hydropower development process scientific and orderly. To alleviate the bad influence of eco-environment that caused by hydropower development, The Norway government establish strict envirommental impact assesment system and licence system, set a fun for eco-environment protection, prescribe the least flux of rivers and so on. And all these measures accelerate continuable development of water resource in Norway. Based on the low-cost hydropower resource, high energy consumption industry in Norway develops rapidly, and take up a position d