南京别墅市场报告.ppt

挪威水电开发与生态环境保护的经验与启示
郑志伟张志永周刚炎万成炎
(水利部中国科学院水工程生态研究所,湖北武汉 430079)
摘要:挪威水电开发历史悠久,在长期的发展过程中,积累了丰富的水电开发技术和管理经验,形成了成熟完善的管理制度和法律体系,保障了水电开发科学有序进行。为减缓水电开发对生态环境的不利影响,挪威通过设定严格的环境影响评价和许可论证制度,建立环境保护基金,规定最小河流流量等措施维护河流生态健康,促进了水资源的可持续发展。挪威以本国廉价的水电资源开发促进了高耗能工业的发展,获得了强有力的国际市场竞争能力,为国内经济发展奠定了稳定基础。本文总结了挪威水电开发过程中生态环境保护方面所取得的经验,以期对我国水电的建设和发展提供借鉴和参考。
关键词:挪威;水电开发;生态环境保护;启示
中图分类号: 文献标识码: 文章编号:
Experience and Revelation of Hydropower Development and Eco-environment Protection in Norway
ZHENG Zhi-wei ZHANG Zhi-yong ZHOU Gang-yan WAN Cheng-yan
(Institute of Hydroecology, Ministry of Water Resources and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430079, China)
Abstract: Hydropower development in Norway has a long history, rich experiences about techonolgy and management in hydropower has been accumulated, managing and legal system e more and more perfect, which ensure the hydropower development process scientific and orderly. To alleviate the bad influence of eco-environment that caused by hydropower development, The Norway government establish strict envirommental impact assesment system and licence system, set a fun for eco-environment protection, prescribe the least flux of rivers and so on. And all these measures accelerate continuable development of water resource in Norway. Based on the low-cost hydropower resource, high energy consumption industry in Norway develops rapidly, and take up a position during petition of international market, which lays a foundation for internal economic development This paper summarizes the experience of hydropower development and eco-environment protection in Norway, which may provide some references for hydropower development of China.
Key words: Norway; Hydropower development; Eco-environment protection; revelation
挪威位于北欧斯堪地纳维亚半岛的西北部,国土面积386974km2,。挪威号称“水电之国”,水能发电的比例占到总量的99%以上,是世界上水电比例最高的国家。其水电年均发电总量在世界排名第六位,在欧洲排名第一位。挪威境内水力资源非常丰富,水电已开发量占可开发量的63%以上。水电产业历史悠久,在水政策法规制定、水生态恢复,特别是在正确处理水电开发与水生态环境保护关系等方面取得了许多经验,值得我们借鉴和参考。
1 挪威水资源管理
水资源管理的责任
挪威水资源