(神经生物学课件）5、递质系统（临床医学5年制）知识介绍.ppt

Neurotransmitter Systems
Jianhong Luo, .
Department of Neurobiology
Zhejiang University School of Medicine
Main Reference: Neuroscience Exploring the Brain, 3rd Ed.
By . Bear, . Connors, and . Paradiso
Introduction
Studying Neurotransmitter Systems
Localization of transmitters and synthesizing enzymes
Studying transmitter release / synaptic mimicry / receptors
Neurotransmitter Chemistry
Cholinergic/Catecholaminergic/Serotonergic/mino acidergic neurons
Other neurotransmitter candidates and intercellular messengers
Transmitter-gated Channels
The basic structure of transmitter-gated channels
Amini acid-gated channels
G-Protein-Coupled Receptors And Effectors
The basic structure of G-protein-coupled receptors
The ubiquitous G-protein
G-protein-coupled effector systems
Divergence and Convergence in Neurotransmitter Systems
Neurotransmitters (amino acids, amines, and peptides)
Plus
The molecular machinery (for transmitter synthesis, vesicular packaging, reuptake and degradation, and transmitter action)
Acetylcholine (ACh), the first NT, identified in the 1920s.
The neurons producing and releasing Ach given the term cholinergic by British pharmacologist Henry Dale (shared the 1936 Nobel Prize with Loewi).
The suffix –ergic: noradrenergic, glutamatergic, GABAergic, peptidergic, and so on, for the various synapses, neurons and neurotransmitter systems.
Introduction
Introduction
Elements of neurotransmitter systems
Studying Neurotransmitter Systems
Criteria to identify a neurotransmitter:
The molecule must be synthesized and stored in the presynaptic neuron.
The molecule must be released by the presynaptic axon terminal upon stimulation.
The molecule, when experimentally applied, must produce a response in the postsynaptic cell that mimics the response produced by the release of neurotransmitter from the presynaptic neuron.
Immunocytochemistry can be used to localize any molecule for which a specific antibody can be generated, including the n