机电一体化课程设计-光电编码器判别电路和12位计数电路设计.doc

学号: 08406202
常州大学
课程设计(说明书)
(08届)
题目光电编码器判别电路和12位计数电路设计
学生
学院机械工程学院专业班级机制082
校内指导教师专业技术职务教授

二○一二年一月
光电编码器判别电路和12位计数电路设计
摘要:整流电路是AD-DC电能转换电路,将交流电压转变为单项脉冲电压。其中的整流元件(二极管或晶闸管)所以能整流,是因为它们具有单向导电的共同特性。在增量式光电编码器的使用中,其旋转方向的判别式首先要解决的。根据增量式光电编码器的A、B两相脉冲信号,可以使用单片机采集I/O电平信号并依据其先后顺序使用软件判别旋转方向,也可以采用硬件电路通过两相信号顺序判别旋转方向。利用方向判别电路和4位二进制可逆计数器可以组成增量式光电编码器计数电路。光电编码器是高精度控制系统常用的位移检测传感器。当控制对象发生位置变化时,光电编码器便会发出 A、B 两路相位差 90 度的数字脉冲信号。正转时 A 超前 B90 度,反转时 B 超前 A90 度。脉冲的个数与位移量成比例关系,因此通过对脉冲计数就能计算出相应的位移。
关键词:光电编码器;判别电路;计数电路;预置电路;整流电路
目录
摘要····························································································Ⅰ
目录····························································································Ⅱ
引言····························································································Ⅲ
任务书························································································Ⅳ
1 总体设计方案········································································1
2控制电源电路设计·································································2
元件选择················································································2
电路原理················································································4
3 判别电路················································································5
元件选择················································································5
电路原理················································································10
4 12位计数电路········································································11
元件选择················································································11
电路原理················································································14
5 预置电路················································································15
6 电路原理图及PCB印刷电路··············································16
7 小结体会············································