地下水水文学重点整理.doc

Chapter 1 Introduction
of groundwater埋藏于地表以下的各种形式的重力水。
Groundwater (referred to without further specification) monly understood to mean water occupying all the voids within a geologic stratum.
Other definitions:The term groundwater is usually reserved for the subsurface water that occurs beneath the water table in soils and geologic formations that are fully saturated.
of GW utilization 地下水的优点
(1)(应用广泛)An important source for water supply throughout the world (Irrigation灌溉, Industries工业, Municipalities, Rural homes, etc)
(2)(分布广泛)Widely distributed (not only in arid regions but in humid regions) (分布广泛)
(3)(水温稳定)Steady in temperature
(4)(便于就地开采使用)Convenient availability near the point of use
(水质较优)Excellent quality
(6)(开发成本低)Low cost of development
★-geological problems环境地质问题
(1)Decline of groundwater level(地下水水位下降)
(1)Attenuation of spring discharge (泉水流量衰减)
(2)Land subsidence (地面沉降)
地面沉降造成的直接后果是:1)沿海城市海水倒灌;2)地表严重积水;
3)建筑物倾斜开裂;4)道路、地下管道报废;5)桥梁净空减小。
(3)Surface collapse (地面塌陷)
(4)Land crack (地裂缝)
(5)Seawater intrusion (海水入侵)
(6)Desertification (沙漠化)
(7)Groundwater pollution (地下水污染)
(8)Secondary salinization of soil (土壤次生盐碱化)
,是研究地下水的形成、运动、动态与预报、水量与水质以及开发利用的一门科学。
:① 系统性;:② 可恢复性;③ 复杂性。
Chapter 2 Occurrence of Groundwater

空隙按成因( cause of formation)分成三类:(1)松散岩土中的孔隙( P