人大考博语法基础2.ppt

语法基础
从句
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名词性从句
that-从句
wh-从句
whether或if引导的名词性从句
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1、名词性that-从句
主语: That he is still alive is sheer luck. 他还活着全靠运气。
宾语: John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday. 约翰说他星期三要去伦敦。
表语: The fact is that he has not been seen recently. 事实是近来没人见过他。
同位语: The fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office. 近来没人
见过他,这一事实令办公室所有的人不安。
形容词宾语:I am glad that you are satisfied with your job. 很高兴你对工作感到满意。
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1、名词性that-从句
(1) 作宾语
① prep. + that (F)
in+that(因为,在于), except/but+that(除了) (T) 如果要做介词的宾语,前面要用先行词it作形式宾语,或去掉介词。也可以在前面用fact/idea等词,此时从句作同位语。
(W) I’m aware of that I mistake him for somebody else.
I’m aware of it that I mistake him for somebody else.
I’m aware of the fact that I mistake him for somebody else.
I’m aware that I mistake him for somebody else.
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1、名词性that-从句
作宾语
②如果主句的谓语动词有think, believe, expect, assume, imagine, suppose等动词,而后面做宾语的that-从句又含有否定意义,否定形式应移至主句,而不是仍旧放在从句中。
I don’t believe he is leaving without a word.
I don’t suppose he e.
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1、名词性that-从句
(2) 作同位语
以that-从句为同位语的名词往往是抽象名词。
常见的名词有:belief, fact, hope, idea, doubt, opinion, proposal, suggestion, promise, certainty, answer, evidence, result, explanation, news, possibility, probability, truth, knowledge, statement, likelihood, exception等。
They came to the decision that they must act at once.
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1、名词性that-从句
(3) 作主语
① It + be +adj. +that-clause
It is necessary that…
It is important that…
It is obvious that…
② It + be + n. + that-clause
It is a surprise that…
It is a fact that…
It mon knowledge that
③ It + be + V-ed +that-clause
It is believed that…
It is known to all that…
It has been decided that…
④ It + vi. + that-clause
It appears that…
It happens that…
It occurred to m