竹叶与淡竹叶之源流效用辨析.doc

竹叶与淡竹叶之源流效用辨析
[摘要] 目前临床上大多用淡竹叶代替竹叶使用,虽然两者功效有相似之处,但其来源和在临床应用时依然有诸多差别。本研究主要通过文献考证的方法,对竹叶和淡竹叶的名称来源和历代本草对其性味归经和功效主治的记载进行考辨,发现明代以前的本草中,淡竹叶是多种竹叶中的一种,两者并无本质区别,至《本草纲目》始收载来源与竹叶不同的淡竹叶,并作为独立的药物被后世各家本草著作收载。因此,为保证疗效和中药名称规范化,开展竹叶和淡竹的本草考证具有重要意义。
[关键词] 竹叶;淡竹叶;来源;功效
[中图分类号] R284 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1673-7210(2016)05(a)-0073-04
[Abstract] Now Lophatherum gracile can usually replace bamboo leaves in clinic. Although the two herbal medicines have similar efficacy, their sources and clinical application are still different. By making a textual research on the literature, this paper distinguishes the differences between bamboo leaves and Lophatherum gracile, including the name, the source, the flavor and meridian tropism and the efficacy recorded in Chinese materia medica works, which finds that before the Ming dynasty, in Chinese materia medica works, Lophatherum gracile is a kind of bamboo leaves, there is no essential difference between them. pendium of Materia Medica began to collect Lophatherum gracile whose source was different from bamboo leaves, Lophatherum gracile became an independent herbal drug, it was recorded in later generations materia medica works. Therefore, in order to guarantee the curative effect and the standard names of Chinese medicine, it is quite significant to carry out a textual research on the literature of bamboo leaves and Lophatherum gracile.
[Key words] Bamboo leaves; Lophatherum gracile; Source; Efficacy
竹叶与淡竹叶同为清热泻***,且药用名称相近,因《中国药典》自1963年版始历版只收载淡竹叶而未收录竹叶,故目前临床多用淡竹叶代替竹叶使用。经查证,《本草纲目》以前的本草中所记载的“淡竹叶”实为淡竹之叶,相当于现在的竹叶,现在所用淡竹叶则首载于《本草纲目》。二者来源不同,功效亦有差异。为使临床用药更规范,开展竹叶与淡竹叶药用考证,很有必要。
1 竹叶与淡竹叶的药用源流
竹叶
“植物之中,有名曰竹。不刚不柔,非草非木。小异空实,大同节目。或茂沙水,或挺岩陆。条畅纷敷,青翠森肃。质虽冬?`,性忌殊寒。九河鲜育,五岭实繁。”[1]这段话出自晋代戴凯之《竹谱》,对于其中“九河鲜育,五岭实繁”,有自注:“‘九河鲜育’,忌隆寒也;‘五岭实繁’,好殊温也。
”此段文字指明了竹的性状、其生长对气温的要求、竹的适宜生长地域等。现在竹多生长于长江流域各省,北方仅可移植栽种少数竹类。但在数百年乃至数千年前,中国北方也生长着茂密的竹林,后经气候变迁,中国北方变得干旱寒冷,不再适合竹子生长,其种植地域才渐退至长江流域。竺可桢先生在《中国近五千年来气候变迁的初步研究》一文中,根据文献记载古代物候观测的结果指出[2]:在古代很长一段时间内,中国北方气候温暖湿润。周朝初期中国北方气候温和,公