国际贸易-Ch.9-Regional-Economic-Integration.ppt

CHAPTER 9 REGIONAL ECONOMIC INTEGRATION
Types of Regional Economic Integration
Static and Dynamic Effects of Regional Economic
Integration
Regional Economic Integration in Europe, North
America and Asia
Regional economic integration: A process in which states enter into a
regional agreement in order to enhance regional economic cooperation
through regional institutions and rules.
§1 Types of Regional Economic Integration
Preferential Tariff Arrangement
Free Trade Area
Common Market
Customs Union
Economic Union
Regional
Economic
Integration
Preferential tariff arrangement
优惠关税政策
The countries involved reduce but do not undertake to eliminate totally their import tariffs (customs duties) on the trade in goods flowing between them; meanwhile, they retain tariff protection on goods entering their economies from outside.
The least restrictive and loosest form of economic integration among countries.
2. Free trade area自由贸易区
A group of countries that eliminate all tariffs on trade with each other but retain autonomy in determining their tariffs with nonmembers.
Each country continues to set its own policies in relation to nonmembers.
For all goods or only for certain classes of goods and services.
The most notable are the European Free Trade Area (EFTA) and the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA).
3. Customs union关税联盟
Members of a customs union dismantle barriers to trade in goods and services among themselves.
In addition, mon trade policy with respect to
nonmembers, typically, this takes the form of mon
external tariff.
Arrangements of this kind are clearly discriminatory, since they represent free trade within the bloc but discrimination against the rest of the world.
4. Common market共同市场
mon market has no barriers to trade among members and has mon external trade policy.
In addition, however, factors of production are also mobile among members.
When factors of production are freely mobile, then capital, labor, and techno