英语5大基本句型 整理版.doc

英语五个基本句式及句子成分
(basic sentence patterns and ponents )
前言:这份资料是老师非常认真整理出来的,请大家,特别是基础比较差的同学一定要从头至尾认认真真看几遍,慢慢消化当中的知识点,对你们学好英语一定会有很大的帮助的!!
So why not have a try?
一、ponents: (各种成分)
英语的句子成分跟中文的句子成分很像的,主要包括下面这些:
1. 主语 subject (简写S)
predicate 分为:intransitive verb (vi)/ transitive verb (vt)
3. 宾语 object (分为:direct object / indirect object ) (简写O)
4. 宾补 plement (简写OC)
5. 状语 adverbial 6. 表语 predicative 7. 定语 attributive
## :No matter how long the sentence is, it consists of some of ponents.
不管多长的句子,都是由这些成分当中的一些所构成的。
主语:可以作主语的成分有名词(如boy),主格代词(如you),数词(numeral),动词不定式,动名词,从句等。主语一般在句首。注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家!
eg: The es from America. (名词作主语)
He made a speech. (代词作主语)
Two and two is four. (数词作主语)
To be a teacher is my dream. (不定式作主语)
Doing a research is a necessary step of covering a story. (动名词作主语)
That he is admitted to a key university is known to us all. (从句作主语,也就是我们说的主语从句)
中文里“某人做某事”做主语时,常用以下句式:
to do sth To be a teacher is my dream.
doing sth Teaching is his job.
That/when从句 That he hopes to be a teacher is known to us all.
Sb’s doing sth His being a teacher makes him proud.
It …… for sb to do sth It is important for us to study English well.
It is no use / good doing sth It is no use crying.
It ……从句。 It is known to us that he wants to be a teacher.
2. 谓语:谓语由动词构成,是英语时态、语态变化的主角,一般在主语之后。
1)谓语可以是不及物动词(vi.)没有宾语,这就形成主谓结构,
e. (vi) Many changes took place