so和such用法及区别全解.doc

so和such用法及区别全解
such和so两个单词意思相近,使用时很容易混淆。其实,这两个单词的用法并不相同,首先要注意的是,它们的词性不同;such为形容词,意为“这(那)样的;这(那)种;如此的”,主要修饰名词;如:
No such thing has ever happened. I have never seen such a beautiful place before.
而so是副词,意为“这(那)么;这(那)样;如此地”,主要修饰形容词、副词和分词。如:
Last time I saw him he was so fat! He was not so much angry as disappointed.
但是,such和so都可以用于名词词组。本文主要介绍一下它们在名词词组中的用法。
一、后接可数名词的单数形式
1、直接跟名词时,用such;如:
However did you make such a mistake? I have never heard of such a thing.
Why are you in such a hurry? ēQ|ほī∫ミ
注意:当such前面有no时,必须省去不定冠词a(an),因为no such本身已经包括了不定冠词,相当于not such a(an);如:
I have no such book. (= I haven’t such a book.)
2、跟带有形容词的名词时,既可以用such,也可以用so,但应注意冠词位置的不同,如:
I have never seen such a tall man.     I have never seen so tall a man.
He is not such a clever boy as his brother.   He is not so clever a boy as his brother.
二、后接可数名词的复数形式或集合名词,无论有无修饰语都用such,如:Such things often happen in our daily life.    Such people are dangerous.
Whales are such smart animals that municate with each other.
He made such stupid mistakes that the teacher tore up the whole paper.
三、后接不可数名词,无论有无修饰语都用such,如:
Did you ever see such weather? You can’t drink such hot milk.
She made such rapid progress that she soon began to write articles in English.
四、当复数名词或集合名词之前有few,many;不可数名词之前有little,much修饰时,用so,如:
so many people / so many students / so few days
so much time / so much money / so little time等。
注意:上述词组中的so实际上修饰名词前的形容词。比较下列两句:
①I have met many such people in my life.
②I didn’t expect to meet so many people there.
上述两句中都有many,但却分别用了such和so,其位置不同,因此含义也不同。在①中,many和such同时修饰后面的名词;而②句中的so修饰的则是many。
五、当many、much、little、few单独作为名词使用时,用so;如:
There are so few that I can’t give you one.
This is the girl I have told you so much about.
So much for today.
六、such可以和all、some、other、another、one、no、many、any、few、several等词同时修饰一个名词,但它的位置通常是放在这些词的后面,如:
All such possibilities must be considered.   I need some such cards.
One such dictionary is enough for me.
We have h