美国式哥特American Gothie.ppt

American Gothie
PPT制作:伊兆尊(左)
主讲人:安栢江(...)
"American Gothic" and "Statue of Liberty", "Bobbi", "buffalo nickel" and "Uncle Sam" known as the five major symbol of American author is Grant Wood,an American of his paintings vividly portrays his home state of Iowa civilians and rural scene. Wood gentle irony and appear trite and insignificant explanation can sometimes cause objection. Manifested in the works: "American Gothic" (1930), this is the picture of a real made him famous paintings.
Wood was born in Iowa anamosa. He studied arts and crafts in Minneapolis, by doing odd jobs to support themselves. The first World War army interrupted him at the Chicago art school. Following him in the art of public schools to teach the Iowa Cedar Rapids, 1919-1924 years, he taught at Julian college in Paris. There, he was influenced by the German expressionist artist, but he soon returned to Iowa to look for the United States of America theme. In 1933 he founded the artists' colony in Iowa's Stone City, where a few years, he manages an informal school. He made contact with the Fine Arts Department of University of Iowa, in 1934, he became a professor in the Department of fine art, until his death.
Other works of Wood: "the woman and the plant"; "fable" pastor Vems; "tender corn thresher"; "dinner"; "rural" Stone City "summer".
1928年,格兰特·伍德去了德国慕尼黑,很为那里的哥特艺术所迷恋。所谓的哥特式建筑,主要由石头的骨架券和飞扶壁组成。其基本单元是在一个正方形或矩形平面四角的柱子上作双圆心骨架尖券,四边和对角线上各一道,屋面石板架在券上,形成拱顶。采用这种方式,可以在不同跨度上作出矢高相同的券,拱顶重量轻,交线分明,减少了券脚的推力,简化了施工。由于采用了尖券、尖拱和飞扶壁等建筑形式,哥特式教堂的内部空间高旷、单纯、统一。装饰细部也都用尖券作主题,使建筑风格与结构手法形成有机整体。
1930年8月,伍德在Iowa南部的一个小镇看到一所颇具哥特式风格的房子,它建于1880年代,有五个房间。此建筑物的紧凑和坚实的设计,尤其是阁楼上的哥特式窗户,给伍德留下了非常深刻的印象。他想象着一个农夫和他的女儿站在房子前面,然后拍下这个房子的照片带回了他的工作室。他请他62岁的牙医和他30岁的妹妹作为画中人物的模特,并让他们穿上19世纪维多利亚时期的衣服。虽然在画中两人是站在一块的,但实际上这两个人物是在不同的场合下完成的。
伍德花两个月的时间完成了这幅作品,及时赶上了芝加哥艺术学院的展览。虽然一开始裁判们对是否要接受他这幅画上有分歧,但这幅画最后得以参展并获得了铜奖和300美元的奖励。当时这幅画引起了极大的争议,一个艺术批评家指责该画是“侮辱普通乡村人民的漫画”。有人认为伍德用这幅画来讽刺中西部文化的狭隘和压抑,但伍德本人否定了这种说法;也有人把这幅画理解为对美国乡村道德品质的颂扬;还