the urinary system and male reproductive system.ppt

Chapter 7 The Urinary System
Instructor:
Zhenghong Zhang
(张正洪)
Composition

Two kidneys
Two ureters
Bladder
Urethra
Section 1 The Kidneys 肾
Ⅰ.General features
Bean shaped, reddish- ans
Superior extremity
Inferior extremity
Anterior surface
Posterior surface
Lateral border
Medial border
Renal hilum 肾门
renal pedicle肾蒂,
Order of structures in the renal pedicle from anterior to posterior-V. A. P.;
from superior to inferior-A. V. P.
Renal sinus 肾窦
Ⅱ.Position and adjacency
Left kidney lies at the level from the lower border of T11 to L2; the 12th rib is behind its middle part of the post surface
Right kidney at the level from the lower border of T12 to L3; the 12th rib is behind its upper part of the post surface
Renal hilum at the level of L1, is about 5cm from the posterior median line
Renal region the area between 12th rib and the lateral margin of erector spinae
Adjacency of the kidneys
Superiorly-superarenal gland
Posteriorly
Three muscles
Three nerves
Medial
Anteriorly
Left kidney
Stomach (superior),
Pancreas (middle),
Loops of intestine and left colic flexure (inferiorly)
Right kidney
Right lobe of liver (superior)
Right colic flexure (inferior)
Descending part of duodenum (medially)
Fibrous capsule 纤维囊
Fatty renal capsule 脂肪囊
Renal fascia 肾筋膜
Ⅲ.The Coverings of kidneys