第二章 Computer-System Structures 计算机系统结构.ppt

Module 2: Computer-System Structures计算机系统结构
Computer System Operation
计算机系统运行
I/O Structure
I/O结构
Storage Structure
存储构造
Storage Hierarchy
存储层次
Hardware Protection
硬件保护
General System Architecture
一般系统体系结构
Applied Operating System Concepts
Computer-System Architecture计算机系统体系结构
Applied Operating System Concepts
Computer-System Operation计算机系统运行
I/O devices and the CPU can execute concurrently.
I/O 设备与CPU可并行运行
Each device controller is in charge of a particular device type. 每一设备控制器负责一个设备类型
Each device controller has a local buffer.
每一设备控制器有一局部缓存
CPU moves data from/to main memory to/from local buffers
CPU 通过局部缓存与主存交换数据
I/O is from the device to local buffer of controller.
I/O从设备到设备控制器的局部缓存
Device controller informs CPU that it has finished its operation by causing an interrupt.
设备控制器通过引起中断通知CPU操作已完成
Applied Operating System Concepts
Common Functions of Interrupts中断的常见功能
Interrupts transfers control to the interrupt service routine generally, through the interrupt vector, which contains the addresses of all the service routines.
通常中断通过中断矢量把控制传送给中断服务程序,该中断矢量包含了所有服务程序的地址
Interrupt architecture must save the address of the interrupted instruction. 中断体系结构必须保护被中断指令的地址
ing interrupts are disabled while another interrupt is being processed to prevent a lost interrupt.
当另一个中断正在处理时,刚进入的中断不能作用,以免丢失中断
A trap is a software-generated interrupt caused either by an error or a user
An operating system is interrupt driven.
操作系统是中断驱动的
Applied Operating System Concepts
Interrupt Handling中断处理
The operating system preserves the state of the CPU by storing registers and the program counter.
操作系统通过存储寄存器和程序计数器而保留了CPU的状态
Determines which type of interrupt has occurred:
确定哪一种中断发生了:
polling 轮询
vectored interrupt system 矢量化中断系统
Separate segments of code determine what action should be taken for each type of interrupt
对每一类中断分离代码段,以确定应该采取什么反应
Applied Operating System Concepts
Interrupt Time Line For a Single Process Doing Output单进程