浙江省嘉兴市九年级英语下册Module8Unit3Languageinuse课件新版外研版.ppt

Unit 3 Language in use
延续性动词和终止性动词
(1)延续性动词和终止性动词的概念
英语中,动词按其动作发生的方式、动作发生过程的长短,可分为延续性动词和终止性动词。
延续性动词表示能够延续的动作,这种动作可以延
续下去或产生持久影响。如:learn, work,
stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。
终止性动词也称为非延续性动词、瞬间动词或短暂性动词,表示不能延续的动作,这种动作发生后立即结束。如:open, close, finish, begin, come, go, arrive, reach, get to, leave, move, borrow, buy等。
(2)延续性动词的用法特征
1)延续性动词可以用于现在完成时,其完成时态可与表示一段时间的状语连用。表示一段时间的短语有:for two years, during the past three years, since last year, how long等。如:
I have learned English since I came here.
自从我来到这儿就学英语了。
2)延续性动词不能与表示短暂时间的状语连用。如:
It rained at eight yesterday morning. (误)
rain为延续性动词,而at eight表示时间点,前后显然矛盾。如果用延续性动词表示一瞬间的动作,e, begin, get等终止性动词来表示。上句可改为:
It began to rain at eight yesterday morning.
昨天早上八点开始下起了雨。
又如:
—When did you get to know Jack?
—Two years ago.
—Then you’ve known each other for more than two years.
—That’s right.
(3)终止性动词的用法特征
1)终止性动词可用来表示某一动作的完成,因此可用于现在完成时。如:
①The train has arrived.
火车到了。
②Have you joined puter group?
你加入电脑小组了吗?
2)终止性动词表示的动作极其短暂,不能持续。因此,不可与表示一段时间的状语连用(只限肯定式)。如:
①He has been dead for three years.
=He died three years ago.
=It is/has been three years since he died.
=Three years has passed since he died.
他死了三年了。
②He has been here for five days.
=He came here five days ago.
=It is/has been five days since he came here.
=Five days has passed since he came here.
他来这儿五天了。
①、②e均为终止性动词,不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。那么,应如何正确表达呢?可以采用下面的四种方法:
A. 将句中终止性动词转换为相应的延续性动词,如上面两例中的第一种正确表达方式。下面列举几个常见的动词转换:leave→be away, borrow→keep, buy→have, begin/start→be on, die→be dead, move to→live in, finish→be over, join→be in/be a member of, open sth.→keep sth. open, fall ill→be ill, get up→be up, catch a cold→have a cold。
B. 将句中表示一段时间的状语改为表示过去确定时间的状语,如以上两例中的第二种正确表达方式。
C. 用句型It is+一段时间+since...表达原意,如上面两例中的第三种正确表达方式。
D. 用句型“一段时间+has passed+since...”表达原意,如上面两例中的第四种正确表达方式。