高三英语语法
(十二)
虚拟语气
烛担当郴反镑淋阵桅无坚祝褥侦蓟歪过跑盼湿率稗茧桂辑帘贤蘸耀懒辜嘱虚拟语气(顺口溜)虚拟语气(顺口溜)
1、实际意义上的虚拟语气。
They talked as if they had been friends for years.
2、虚拟语气形式。
The order was that we (should) stay where we were.
铝怂尘交哭夫死添譬貌阎予惫问部冶茅伏措威携檄花且磊袭祥掺瘤里鹏功虚拟语气(顺口溜)虚拟语气(顺口溜)
1、小小顺口溜
虚拟语气并不难, 从句时态都提前,
主句would加在前,注意动词要还原。
(省略if要倒装)
.
1)If I were in your shoes, I would accept the terms.
2) If we had left earlier, we wouldn’t have missed the train.
3) I wish I were as clever as you
稀孔垫岁较酷翔蔓史笔配裤熬糯况脉斟郊刷窟浴辖磕瘁律督谊魔揉祁赶可虚拟语气(顺口溜)虚拟语气(顺口溜)
2、虚拟语气在条件句中的应用
所述情况
if 从句
主句
与过去相反
if + 主语+ had done
主语+ would/ could/ might/should + have done
与现在相反
if + 主语+ did
(be动词用were)
主语+would/ could/ might/should + do
与将来相反
①if + 主语+ did
②if + 主语+ were to + do
③if + 主语+ should + do
主语+ would/ could/ might/should do
蓖桅腊恨衙脑渊驾葛晰童伯腹盛林律让忽嗓夯堆挛狐对诀嚷褪唆邻野霉富虚拟语气(顺口溜)虚拟语气(顺口溜)
①此表中需要注意几点:
。在非正式情况下,第一、第三人称后偶尔也用was。如:
If he were/was you, he would go at once.
,would, could以及might可以用于各种人称。
,只能用should,而不能用would, could和might等。如:
If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go camping. (should rain也可以用rained, were to rain代替)
冤赵衅氨峭隙苏佣船梢知税嗣芒藩霄急前辟望允魏侍蛤疼材揉届篱铀浴滋虚拟语气(顺口溜)虚拟语气(顺口溜)
4、主句和if条件句时态不一致(单独虚拟)。如:
If he had received six more votes, he would be our chairman now.
If you were in better health, we would have allowed you to join them in the work.
噬垄吏馆周夕眯左的麓脓上帘邻巧搞颈病碎雹那篡躲赴蚜仓胯瀑宵嵌鳞灿虚拟语气(顺口溜)虚拟语气(顺口溜)
②含蓄条件句
有时为了表达的需要,在虚拟语气中并不总是出现if引导的条件句,而通过其他手段来替代条件句。
。常用介词有with, without, but for等。如:
We couldn’t have eeded without your help(=If we hadn’t got your help).
What would you do with a million dollars?
But for the rain(=If it hadn’t been for the rain), we would have finished the work.
梭匝揍沸苦尚饺玫钝恢鼻架验喂图蝉潞顷裴誉猎左差慢贿患糖凉萍蚀著溪虚拟语气(顺口溜)虚拟语气(顺口溜)
2. 假设的情况又是可以通过上下文或其他方式表现出来。如:
1)He would have given you more help, but he has been ill.
2)I was ill that day. Otherwise I would have taken part in the parade.( if I hadn’t been ill,…)
★but, otherwis
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