高考英语语法复习专题-非谓语动词.doc

高考英语语法复****专题
------ 非谓语动词
¯一、考点聚焦
1、非谓语动词的句法功能
名称
语法功能
主语
宾语
宾语补足语
表语
定语
状语
不定式
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√
√
√
√
√
动名词
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√
√
√
现在分词
√
√
√
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过去分词
√
√
√
√
2、动词不定式复心中应注意的几个问题
(1)不定式作表语与“be + to do sth.”的异同。不定式作表语说明主语的内容或性质。
His job is to guard.(说明内容)
be + to do sth.(表示按计划要做的事)
(2)带不定式作宾语的词语。
下列词语常不定式作宾语:afford、promise、refuse、expect、hope、learn、offer、wish、want、fail、plan、agree、forget、like、prefer、decide、manage、try、arrange、determine、desire等。
下列动词后可接疑问词+不定式:teach、decide、wonder、show、learn、forget、ask、find、out、advise、discuss等。
(3)如何理解和使用不定式作宾补。
①动词see、watch、notice、hear、listen to、observe、feel、taste、smell、make、let、have等的宾补用动词原形,变被动时要加to,此时的不定式就是主语补足语。
②常用带不定式作宾补的几种情况:
主语+ ask / require / tell / order / force / get / want / like + do sth.
③主语+ think / judge / suppose / believe / consider /imagine/
consider / feel + sb. + to be/ to have done
④主语+ call on / upon / depend on / wait for / ask for + sb.+ to do sth.
(4)不定式作定语的特殊用法。
①下列词语后常接不定式作定语:chance、wish、right、courage、need、promise、time、opportunity、way、the first、the second、the last、the only等。
②不定式作定语和所修饰的名词在逻辑上有主谓关系。
There is no one to look after her.
③不定式与被修饰的名词在逻辑上有动宾关系。
She is now looking for a room to live in.
(5)不定式作状语的用法。
不定式作状语,修饰动词,在句中表示行为目的、结果、原因。only to do表示出人意料的结果。
We hurried to the classroom only to find none there .
in order(not)to,so as(not)to用来引导目的状语,enough,too, so… as to do, such + 名词… as to do作结果状语,如:The girl was so kind as to help the old man off the bus.
I’m not such a fool as to believe that.
(6)不定式的完成时的特殊用法。
①表示不定式中谓语动词发生的动作先于主句的谓语动词发出的动作。
The novel was said to have been published.
I regret to have been with you for so many years.
seem、appear、be said、be supposed、be believed、be thought、be known、be reported等动词常用于上面句型。
此外,glad、happy、satisfied、sorry、surprised、disappointed后也接完成时,但要注意与一般时的区别。
I’m sorry to keep you waiting for a ,请稍等。(说话时还未等)
I’m sorry to have kept you ,让你久等了。(说话时已等了很久)
②不定式的完成时还可表示“过去本想做某事但未做”的虚拟语气。(A)should like to / would like to /