2016年大连地区强对流天气雷达回波特征分析.doc

2016年大连地区强对流天气雷达回波特征分析.doc2016年大连地区强对流天气雷达回波特征
分析
摘要:该文利用探空资料、加密自动站资料、天气雷达资料对2016 年6 — 9月大连地区9次强对流天气过程,即短时强降雨(4次)、雷暴大风(3次)和冰雹(2次)3种强对流类型进行了雷达回波特征分析。结果表明:探空资料中K指数适用于短时强降雨识别;CAPE值与探空距离强对流时间密切相关;较大的高低层的温差有利于识别雷暴大风和冰雹;较低的0°C层和-20°C层高度存利于冰雹判别;较大的0〜 6km深层垂直风切变有利于雷暴大风识别。最大回波强度和所在高度, 短时强降雨小于雷暴大风和冰雹;弓状型雷暴大风相对于低仰角径向速度大值区类型的雷暴大风有更长的预瞥时间提前量;雷暴大风和冰雹的VIL值都相对较大,不利于区分两者。研究结果为大连地区强对流预报预警提供参考依据。
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关键词:大连地区;雷达回波特征;强对流天气预警
中图分类号R730. 58文献标识码A文章编号1007-7731(2017)
10-0156-06
Abstract: This paper examines 9 convection events occurred
during June and September 2016 in Dalian area by using sounding,
densely-covered automated weather station and weather radar
data. 9 convection cases are categorized into 3 types :
short-range strong precipitation (4 cases); thunder induced damaging wind (3 cases) and hail (2 cases) . The results
indicate: K index is an usful indicator for short-range strong
precipitation; CAPE is closely related to the difference between
souding time and convection initiation time; Large difference
between mid-level and low-level temperature is an indication for
thunder induced damaging wind and hail development; Relatively
low 0°C and-20°C heights arc indicative for hail and large wind
shear of 0〜6km is indicative for thunder induced damaging wind.
For maximum reflectivity and its height, short-range strong
precipitation is slightly smaller than damaging wind and hail.
Early warning of Bow-shape-echo damaging wind is more viable
than that of strong radial velocity at low elevation. In both
damaging wind and hail cases, large VIL values are observed,
as a results, it can not be used to distinguish the two convection
types. The results provide guidance for convection warning for
Dalian area.
Key words: Dalian area; Weather radar echo features; Severe
weather warning
??对流天气[1]是指巾对流风暴产生的短时强降雨、雷暴大风、冰雹、龙卷等中小尺度的灾害性天气现象。大连地区的强对流天气绝大部分发生在6—9月,其特点是突发性强,持续时问短,局地性强,易致灾。孙继松等[2]认为热力不稳定层结分析只存