基于模糊形态学的红外小目标特征提取的研究与实现.doc

基于模糊形态学的红外小目标特征提取的研究与实现
摘要
空中弱小目标的检测是当前红外研究的难点和热点,当导弹,飞机与红外探测器的距离很远时,目标在红外图象中只占一个或几个像素点,很难提取出目标的形状结构特征。而且红外图象中绝大部分是起伏的云层和大气辐射背景,目标往往会淹没在背景当中,同时红外成像系统本身也会引入各种噪声,使得红外点目标图象的信噪比低,对比度低,更增加了小目标检测的难度。
本文从形态学方面出发,通过图像预处理、形态学处理与分析等一系列理论和技术的分析和应用,最终设计出适合一类红外图像的小目标检测系统。本文利用MATLAB图像处理工具包对于红外图像处理领域的图像读取、图像滤波、背景抑制、形态处理等问题进行了探索并提出了相应的解决方案,同时为了用户能够直观方便的使用,运用了MATLAB语言开发了人机交互界面,使图象处理更加方便直观。
本文首先分析了红外图像自身的特点,简要的分析了数字图像处理技术,然后大致介绍了模糊形态学的相关理论知识和MATLAB编程。接着,对本次毕业设计的程序分模块的进行详细的分析。最后,本文对课题进行了总结。
关键字:红外弱小目标,形态学,matlab编程,特征提取
ABSTRACT
Air target detection is weak infrared study of the current difficulties and hot spots, when the missiles, aircraft and infrared detector distance of the target image in the infrared only one or a few pixels, it is difficult to extract structural characteristics of the shape of the target. Infrared images and downs most of the clouds and atmospheric radiation background, objectives are often submerged in the background, the infrared imaging system at the same time also have to introduce all kinds of noise, making infrared point-target image signal to noise ratio low, low contrast, but also increased the difficulty of detecting small targets.
In this paper, starting from the morphology by image pre-processing, morphological processing and analysis of a series of theoretical and technical analysis and application, the final design for a class of infrared image small target detection system. In this paper, using MATLAB image processing tool kit for the field of image processing infrared image reading, image filtering, background suppression, shape to deal with issues such as exploration and the corresponding solutions, as well as to users to facilitate the use of intuitive use of the MATLAB language has developed a man-machine interface to enable more convenient and intuitive image processing.
This article first analyzes the characteristics of infrared images, a brief analysis of the digital image processing technology, and then more or less introduce