基于多传感器的智能火灾报警系统设计.doc

本科学生毕业设计
基于多传感器的智能火灾报警系统设计
院部名称:
专业班级:
学生姓名:
指导教师: 李静
职称: 讲师
黑龙江工程学院
二○一二年六月
The Graduation Design for Bachelor's Degree
Design of Intelligence Automatic Fire Alarm Based on Multisenor
Candidate:
Specialty:Measurement-Control Technology
and Instrumentation
Class:
Supervisor: Jing
Heilongjiang Institute of Technology
2012-06·Harbin

摘要
基于单片机技术和多传感器技术开发设计了一套火灾自动报警系统。设计内容包括软件系统和硬件系统。系统的软件部分包括主程序、按键、温度气体浓度采集、和数码管显示子程序;硬件包括四个部分:单片机最小系统、温度气体浓度检测电路、显示电路和报警电路。选用最常用的AT89S52单片机作为控制处理器,对所采集的数据进行处理;采用DS18B20数字温度传感器将温度信号直接转换成数字信号,传递给单片机;选用MQ-2型半导体可燃气体敏感元件烟雾传感器实现烟雾浓度的检测;MQ-2型半导体烟雾传感器电路简单,成本低,同时可设置温度报警值,实现声光报警。CPS3641BR数码管具有灵敏度高、响应快、抗干扰能力强等优点,而且价格低廉,使用寿命长。该火灾自动报警系统结构简单、性能稳定、使用方便、价格低廉,具有一定的实用价值。
关键词:单片机;温度传感器;烟雾传感器;火灾自动报警;结构简单
ABSTRACT
We development and design a set of automatic fire alarm system based on microcontroller technology and sensor technology. This design contain software system and hardware system. The software include main program, key, collecting of temperature gas concentration, subroutine of LED display. Hardware system include microcontroller unit system, detection circuitry of temperature gas concentration, displaying circuits and alarming circuits. This system chose AT89S52 as the control processor and handle with collecting dates. This system chose digital temeperature sensor DS18B20 to transform temperature signal to digital signal and convey it to microcontroller unit. This system chose semiconductor flammable gas ponents sensor MQ-2 realize the testing of the density of fog. The circuits of semiconductor smoke sensor MQ-2 are simple and low cost. At the same time it can set panic value and realize audible and visual alarm. Nixie tube CPS3641BR has the merit of high sensitivity, fast response, anti-interference capability. And the price is chip, the lifetime is long. This automatic fire alarm system has a lot of merits such as, simple structure, stable performance, convenient to use, low cost, having practical value an